Description
Molecular typing of foodborne pathogens has become an indispensable tool in epidemiological studies. Thanks to these techniques, we now have a better understanding of the distribution and appearance of bacterial foodborne diseases and have a deeper knowledge of the type of food products associated with the major foodborne pathogens. Within the molecular techniques, DNA-based techniques have prospered for more than 40 years and have been incorporated in the first surveillance systems to monitor bacterial foodborne pathogens in the United States and other countries. However, DNA techniques vary widely and many microbiology laboratory personnel working with food and/or water face the dilemma of which method to incorporate.
DNA Methods in Food Safety: Molecular Typing of Foodborne and Waterborne Bacterial Pathogens succinctly reviews more than 25 years of data on a variety of DNA typing techniques, summarizing the different mathematical models for analysis and interpretation of results, and detailing their efficacy in typing different foodborne and waterborne bacterial pathogens, such as Campylobacter, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria, Salmonella, among others. Section I describes the different DNA techniques used in the typing of bacterial foodborne pathogens, whilst Section II deals with the application of these techniques to type the most important bacterial foodborne pathogens. In Section II the emphasis is placed on the pathogen, and each chapter describes some of the most appropriate techniques for typing each bacterial pathogen.
The techniques presented in this book are the most significant in the study of the molecular epidemiology of bacterial foodborne pathogens to date. It therefore provides a unique reference for students and professionals in the field of microbiology, food and water safety and epidemiology and molecular epidemiology.
Chapter
PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)
PCR melting profile analysis
Chapter 2 Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and the Molecular Epidemiology of Foodborne Pathogens
Parameters critical to PFGE separations
Epidemiological applications of PFGE
Chapter 3 Multilocus Sequence Typing: An Adaptable Tool for Understanding the Global Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens
Multilocus sequence typing
Discriminatory power and epidemiologic concordance
Clonal complexes, epidemic clones, and outbreak clones
Chapter 4 High-Throughput Sequencing
Existing subtyping methods
WGS: A comprehensive platform for molecular subtyping
Phenotypic markers versus WGS
Computational tools for WGS analysis
WGS in recent foodborne outbreak investigations
Challenges and future prospects of WGS in molecular subtyping
Chapter 5 Analysis of Typing Results
Creating groupings of related isolates
Comparison of typing methods
Chapter 6 Databases and Internet Applications
Existing online networks and resources
Current challenges, possible solutions, and future trends
GeoGenomic identification and an integrated Web-based global infrastructure
Chapter 7 The Transformation of Disease Surveillance, Outbreak Detection, and Regulatory Response by Molecular Epidemiology
Epidemiology and surveillance
The end of the culture era?
Chapter 8 The Genus Bacillus
Bacillus: A highly heterogeneous genus challenging food quality and safety
Bacillus toxins are gaining increasing prominence as causative agents of foodborne diseases
Polymerase chain reaction methods
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP): The “golden standards” for population analysis of the B. cereus group
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
Microarrays and high-throughput sequencing: From genotyping to genomotyping
Conclusions and future direction
Chapter 9 Molecular Typing of Campylobacter jejuni
Brief history of typing methods to study C. jejuni
Most common methods to type C. jejuni
Less commonly used typing methods
Comparative genomic fingerprinting
Combination of techniques
Chapter 10 DNA Typing Methods for Members of the Cronobacter Genus
Cronobacter pathogenicity and virulence
Taxonomy and genomic diversity of the Cronobacter genus
Cronobacter and the food industry
Biotyping of Cronobacter strains
DNA-based typing of Cronobacter strains
Multilocus sequence typing of Cronobacter spp.
Case studies of using DNA sequence–based typing of Cronobacter spp.
Current issues in the application of DNA typing methods for Cronobacter spp.
Chapter 11 Molecular Subtyping Approaches for Pathogenic Clostridium spp. Isolated from Foods
Chapter 12 Molecular Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli
Sequence-based genotyping
Chapter 13 Molecular Subtyping Methods for Listeria monocytogenes: Tools for Tracking and Control
Hybridization-based methods
DNA sequence-based subtyping methods
Restriction analysis-based genotyping
DNA sequencing-based typing methods
Comparison of molecular subtyping methods for Salmonella
Chapter 15 Vibrio cholerae
CTXcla (classical type CTX) and CTX-1 (El Tor type CTX or CTXEl Tor)
Genotyping of V. cholerae
MLVA analysis of V. cholerae O1 strains