Logics of Organization Theory :Audiences, Codes, and Ecologies

Publication subTitle :Audiences, Codes, and Ecologies

Author: Hannan Michael T.;Pólos László;Carroll Glenn R.;  

Publisher: Princeton University Press‎

Publication year: 2012

E-ISBN: 9781400843015

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780691131061

Subject: C936 Histological management

Keyword: 社会学,人口学

Language: ENG

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Description

Building theories of organizations is challenging: theories are partial and "folk" categories are fuzzy. The commonly used tools--first-order logic and its foundational set theory--are ill-suited for handling these complications. Here, three leading authorities rethink organization theory. Logics of Organization Theory sets forth and applies a new language for theory building based on a nonmonotonic logic and fuzzy set theory. In doing so, not only does it mark a major advance in organizational theory, but it also draws lessons for theory building elsewhere in the social sciences.

Organizational research typically analyzes organizations in categories such as "bank," "hospital," or "university." These categories have been treated as crisp analytical constructs designed by researchers. But sociologists increasingly view categories as constructed by audiences. This book builds on cognitive psychology and anthropology to develop an audience-based theory of organizational categories. It applies this framework and the new language of theory building to organizational ecology. It reconstructs and integrates four central theory fragments, and in so doing reveals unexpected connections and new insights.

Chapter

2.4 Similarity Clusters

2.5 Labels

2.6 Extensional Consensus

2.7 Complex Labels

Chapter 3. Types and Categories

3.1 Schemata

3.2 Types

3.3 Intensional Semantic Consensus

3.4 Categories

3.5 Intrinsic Appeal and Category Valence

Chapter 4. Forms and Populations

4.1 Test Codes and Defaults

4.2 Taken-for-Grantedness

4.3 Legitimation and Forms

4.4 Populations

4.5 Density Dependence Revisited

4.6 Delegitimation

Chapter 5. Identity and Audience

5.1 Identity As Default

5.2 Multiple Category Memberships

5.3 Code Clash

5.4 Identities and Populations

5.5 Structure of the Audience

Part 2. Nonmonotonic Reasoning: Age Dependence

Chapter 6. A Nonmonotonic Logic

6.1 Beyond First-Order Logic

6.2 Generalizations

6.3 Nonmonotonic Reasoning

6.4 A Prècis of the Formal Approach

6.5 Chaining Probabilistic Arguments

6.6 Closest-Possible-Worlds Construction

6.7 Falsification

Chapter 7. Integrating Theories of Age Dependence

7.1 Capability and Endowment

7.2 First Unification Attempt

7.3 Obsolescence

7.4 Second Unification Attempt

Part 3. Ecological Niches

Chapter 8. Niches and Audiences

8.1 Tastes, Positions, and Offerings

8.2 Category Niche

8.3 Organizational Niche

8.4 Fundamental Niche

8.5 Implications of Category Membership

8.6 Metric Audience Space

Chapter 9. Niches and Competitors

9.1 Fitness

9.2 Realized Niche

9.3 Niche Overlap

9.4 Niche Width Revisited

9.5 Convexity of the Niche

9.6 Environmental Change

Chapter 10. Resource Partitioning

10.1 Scale Advantage

10.2 Market Center

10.3 Market Segments and Crowding

10.4 Dynamics of Partitioning

10.5 Implications of Category Membership

Part 4. Organizational Change

Chapter 11. Cascading Change

11.1 Identity and Inertia

11.2 Organizational Architecture

11.3 Cascades

11.4 Architecture and Cascades

11.5 Intricacy and Viscosity

11.6 Missed Opportunities

11.7 Change and Mortality

Chapter 12. Opacity and Asperity

12.1 Limited Foresight: Opacity

12.2 Cultural Opposition: Asperity

12.3 Opacity, Asperity, and Reorganization

12.4 Change and Mortality

Chapter 13. Niche Expansion

13.1 Expanded Engagement

13.2 Architectural and Cultural Context

13.3 Age and Asperity

13.4 Distant Expansion

13.5 Expansion and Convexity

Chapter 14. Conclusions

14.1 Theoretical Unification

14.2 Common Conceptual Core

14.3 Inconsistencies Resolved

14.4 Theoretical Progress

14.5 Empirical Implications

Appendix A. Glossary of Theoretical Terms

Appendix B. Glossary of Symbols

Appendix C. Some Elementary First-Order Logic

Appendix D. Notation for Monotonic Functions

Appendix E. The Modal Language of Codes

Bibliography

Index

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