Warriors of the Cloisters :The Central Asian Origins of Science in the Medieval World

Publication subTitle :The Central Asian Origins of Science in the Medieval World

Author: Beckwith Christopher I.;;;  

Publisher: Princeton University Press‎

Publication year: 2012

E-ISBN: 9781400845170

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780691155319

Subject: G4 Education;G40-09 教育学史、教育思想史;K1 World History;K3 Asian History;K5 European History;N0 Theory and Methodology of Natural Science;N09 History

Keyword: 自然科学理论与方法论,世界史,欧洲史,亚洲史,教育

Language: ENG

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Description

Warriors of the Cloisters tells how key cultural innovations from Central Asia revolutionized medieval Europe and gave rise to the culture of science in the West. Medieval scholars rarely performed scientific experiments, but instead contested issues in natural science, philosophy, and theology using the recursive argument method. This highly distinctive and unusual method of disputation was a core feature of medieval science, the predecessor of modern science. We know that the foundations of science were imported to Western Europe from the Islamic world, but until now the origins of such key elements of Islamic culture have been a mystery.

In this provocative book, Christopher I. Beckwith traces how the recursive argument method was first developed by Buddhist scholars and was spread by them throughout ancient Central Asia. He shows how the method was adopted by Islamic Central Asian natural philosophers--most importantly by Avicenna, one of the most brilliant of all medieval thinkers--and transmitted to the West when Avicenna's works were translated into Latin in Spain in the twelfth century by the Jewish philosopher Ibn Da'ud and others. During the same period the institution of the college was also borrowed from the Islamic world. The college was where most of the disputations were held, and became the most important component of medieval Europe's newly formed universities. As Beckwith demonstrates, the Islamic college also originated in Buddhist Central Asia.

Using in-depth analysis of ancient Buddhist, Classical Arabic, and Medieval Latin writings, Warriors of the Cloisters transforms our understanding of the origins of medieval scientific culture.

Chapter

Chapter Three: From College and Universitas to University

Chapter Three: From College and Universitas to University

Chapter Four: Buddhist Central Asian Invention of the Method

Chapter Four: Buddhist Central Asian Invention of the Method

Chapter Five: Islamization in Classical Arabic Central Asia

Chapter Five: Islamization in Classical Arabic Central Asia

Chapter Six: Transmission to Medieval Western Europe

Chapter Six: Transmission to Medieval Western Europe

Chapter Seven: India, Tibet, China, Byzantium, and Other Control Cases

Chapter Seven: India, Tibet, China, Byzantium, and Other Control Cases

Chapter Eight: Conclusion

Chapter Eight: Conclusion

Appendix A: On the Latin Translations of Avicenna's Works

Appendix A: On the Latin Translations of Avicenna's Works

Appendix B: On Peter of Poitiers

Appendix B: On Peter of Poitiers

Appendix C: The Charter of the Collège des Dix-huit

Appendix C: The Charter of the Collège des Dix-huit

References

References

Index

Index

A

A

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B

C

C

D

D

E

E

F

F

G

G

H

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I

I

J

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K

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L

M

M

N

N

O

O

P

P

Q

Q

R

R

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T

U

U

V

V

W

W

Y

Y

Z

Z

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