Evolutionary Ecology of Parasites ：(Second Edition)

Publication subTitle ：(Second Edition)

Author： Poulin Robert;;;

Publisher： Princeton University Press‎

Publication year： 2011

E-ISBN: 9781400840809

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780691120843

Subject： Q958.9 parasitic animal parasitology

Keyword：普通生物学

Language： ENG

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Description

Parasites have evolved independently in numerous animal lineages, and they now make up a considerable proportion of the biodiversity of life. Not only do they impact humans and other animals in fundamental ways, but in recent years they have become a powerful model system for the study of ecology and evolution, with practical applications in disease prevention. Here, in a thoroughly revised and updated edition of his influential earlier work, Robert Poulin provides an evolutionary ecologist's view of the biology of parasites. He sets forth a comprehensive synthesis of parasite evolutionary ecology, integrating information across scales from the features of individual parasites to the dynamics of parasite populations and the structuring of parasite communities.

Evolutionary Ecology of Parasites presents an evolutionary framework for the study of parasite biology, combining theory with empirical examples for a broader understanding of why parasites are as they are and do what they do. An up-to-date synthesis of the field, the book is an ideal teaching tool for advanced courses on the subject. Pointing toward promising directions and setting a research agenda, it will also be an invaluable reference for researchers who seek to extend our knowledge of parasite ecology and evolution.

Chapter

1.1 The Evolutionary Ecology Approach

1.2 Scope and Overview

2: Origins of Parasitism and Complex Life Cycles

2.1 Transitions to Parasitism

2.2 Specialization of Parasites

2.3 Complex Life Cycles: Historical Contingency or Adaptation?

2.3.1 Increases in Life-Cycle Complexity

2.3.2 Abbreviation of Complex Life Cycles

2.4 Evolutionary Consequences of Complex Life Cycles

2.4.1 Transmission and Infection

2.4.2 Sexual Reproduction

2.5 Conclusion

3: Host Specificity

3.1 Measuring Host Specificity

3.2 Host-Parasite Coevolution and Host Specificity

3.2.1 Macroevolutionary Patterns

3.2.2 Microevolutionary Processes

3.3 Determinants of Host Specificity

3.4 Observed Patterns of Host Specificity

3.5 Conclusion

4: Evolution of Parasite Life-History Strategies

4.1 Phenotypic Plasticity and Adaptation

4.2 Parasite Body Size

4.2.1 Changes in Size as Adaptations to Parasitism

4.2.2 Correlates of Body Size

4.2.3 Sexual Size Dimorphism in Parasites

4.3 Parasite Age at Maturity

4.4 Egg Production in Parasites

4.4.1 Correlates of Fecundity

4.4.2 Trade-offs and Strategies of Egg Production

4.5 Conclusion

5: Strategies of Host Exploitation

5.1 The Evolution of Virulence

5.1.1 The Theory

5.1.2 Empirical Tests

5.2 Parasitic Castration and Host Gigantism

5.3 Manipulation of Host Behavior by Parasites

5.3.1 Adaptive Manipulation?

5.3.2 Evolution of Host Manipulation

5.3.3 Host Manipulation in a Multispecies Context

5.4 Manipulation of Host Sex Ratio by Parasites

5.5 Conclusion

6: Parasite Aggregation: Causes and Consequences

6.1 Measuring Parasite Aggregation

6.1.1 Indices of Aggregation

6.1.2 Problems with the Measurement of Aggregation

6.2 Natural Patterns of Aggregation

6.3 Causes of Aggregation

6.4 Consequences of Aggregation

6.4.1 Effective Population Size and Genetic Diversity

6.4.2 Sex Ratio

6.4.3 Macroevolutionary Phenomena

6.5 Conclusion

7: Parasite Population Dynamics and Genetics

7.1 Models of Parasite Population Dynamics

7.2 Density-Dependent Regulation

7.3 Selected Examples of Population Studies

7.3.1 The Cestode Bothriocephalus acheilognathi

7.3.2 The Nematode Cystidicola cristivomeri

7.3.3 The Nematode Cystidicoloides tenuissima

7.3.4 The Acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus tumescens

7.4 Patterns of Parasite Abundance

7.5 Genetic Structure of Parasite Populations

7.6 Conclusion

8: Interactions between Species and the Parasite Niche

8.1 Numerical Responses to Competition

8.2 The Parasite Niche

8.3 Functional Responses to Competition

8.4 Evolutionary Niche Restriction

8.5 Conclusion

9: Parasite Infracommunity Structure

9.1 Species Richness of Infracommunities

9.2 Nestedness in Infracommunities

9.3 Species Associations among Infracommunities

9.4 Species Recruitment and Infracommunity Structure

9.5 Species Abundance and Biomass in Infracommunities

9.6 Conclusion

10: Component Communities and Parasite Faunas

10.1 Richness and Composition of Component Communities

10.2 Evolution of Parasite Faunas

10.3 Species Richness of Parasite Faunas

10.4 Biogeography of Parasite Diversity

10.5 Host Specificity and the Composition of Parasite Faunas

10.6 Conclusion

11 Conclusion

11.1 Environmental Changes and Parasite Evolutionary Ecology

11.2 Parasite Control and Parasite Evolutionary Ecology

11.3 Future Directions

References

Index

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