Moral Differences :Truth, Justice, and Conscience in a World of Conflict ( Princeton Legacy Library )

Publication subTitle :Truth, Justice, and Conscience in a World of Conflict

Publication series :Princeton Legacy Library

Author: Miller Richard W.;;;  

Publisher: Princeton University Press‎

Publication year: 2014

E-ISBN: 9781400862764

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780691020921

Subject: B82 Ethics ( Moral Philosophy )

Keyword: 伦理学(道德哲学)

Language: ENG

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Description

In a wide-ranging inquiry Richard W. Miller provides new resources for coping with the most troubling types of moral conflict: disagreements in moral conviction, conflicting interests, and the tension between conscience and desires. Drawing on most fields in philosophy and the social sciences, including his previous work in the philosophy of science, he presents an account of our access to moral truth, and, within this framework, develops a theory of justice and an assessment of the role of morality in rational choice. In Miller's view, we are often in a position to claim that our moral judgments are true descriptions of moral facts. But others, relying on contrary ways of moral learning, would reject truths that we are in a position to assert, in dissent that does not depend on irrationality or ignorance of relevant evidence or arguments. With this mixed verdict on "moral realism," Miller challenges many received views of rationality, scientific method, and the relation between moral belief and moral choice. In his discussion of justice, Miller defends the adequacy, for modern political choices, of a widely shared demand that institutions be freely and rationally acceptable to all. Drawing on social research and economic theories, he argues that this demand has dramatically egalitarian consequences, even though it is a premise of liberals and conservatives alike. In the final chapters, Miller investigates the role and limits of morality in the choice of conduct, arguing

Chapter

Introduction

1. Reason and Rightness

The Mixed Verdict

Μoral Divides

The Tiv

Differences with Aristotle

Moral Learning and Moral Development

Self-Sustaining Frameworks

2. Moral Truth

Some Attacks on Moral Truth

The Normality of Moral Inquiry

Detecting Moral Truth

Insightful Origins

Expanding Detection

The Anxiety of Reference

The Unimportance and Importance of Moral Truth

3. Limitless Dissent

Nihilist Resources

The Coherence of Nihilism

Desire, Belief and Truth

Truth without Pictures

Isn't It Dogmatic?

4. The Obstacles of Content

Positivism

Three Aspects of Content

Functionalism, Meaning and Witchcraft

Content and Analyticity

"The Causal Theory of Reference"

Causality and Moral Reference

Detection and Charity

5. Meaningful Projects

Communication and Content

A Nautical Illustration

Natural Kinds and Social Needs

Beyond Communication

Judging the Mixed Verdict

Morality and Science

6. Justice as Social Freedom

Justice and Truth

"Inheritance"

The Cooperative Goal

Justice and Discrimination

Entitlement

Good Fences and Good Neighbors

Justice for Termites?

The Hobbesian Interpretation

The Great Divide

Some Comparisons

Utilitarianism

7. Inequalities

Inheritance

Unequal Outcomes

The Process of Inequality

A Genetics of Earnings?

Uncertainty and Justice

Opportunity Gaps

Who Is Worst Off?

The Importance of Starts

Beyond Inheritance

Gauthier's Markets

A Minimal Case for Capitalism

Harder Choices

8. The Scope of Justice

Two Routes to Liberty

Where the Numbers Count

Persuasion, Coercion and Community

A World of Injustice

9. Moral Burdens

The New Mixed Verdict

Reasonable Wrongdoing

Reasonable Righness

10. Normal Morality

"Impartial Morality"

The Detachment of Consequentialism

The Agent-Centered Prerogative

Don't Be Unreasonable

Normal Responsibility

Persons and Their Rules

Vindicated Burdens

11. Living as One Should

Moralistic Ideals

Moral Ideals

The Adequacy of Morality

Back to the Present

Index

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