Voids in Materials ：From Unavoidable Defects to Designed Cellular Materials

Publication subTitle ：From Unavoidable Defects to Designed Cellular Materials

Author： Gladysz Gary M.;Chawla Krishan K.

Publisher： Elsevier Science‎

Publication year： 2014

E-ISBN: 9780444563743

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780444563675

P-ISBN(Hardback): 9780444563675

Subject： O6-0 chemical principle and method

Language： ENG

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Description

Voids in Materials treats voids of different shapes and forms in various materials, and examines their effects on material properties. The book covers the origins of voids in materials, how they are sometimes introduced in the form of hollow spheres, and the resultant properties of materials containing voids.

There are many books that focus on foams (which intentionally incorporate voids into materials) and that cover voids incidental to or unwanted in the fabrication of non-porous materials. In fact, all materials have voids. This book starts from the premise that voids are pervasive in all material on some level. It goes beyond foams to provide a comprehensive overview of voids, a central reference for scientists and engineers to use for the effect of voids in materials.

Includes 3D renderings of void geometries
Explains how and why voids are introduced into materials across the length scales; from nanometer-scale voids up to macro-scale voids
Provides a continuous picture of how material properties change as the volume fraction of voids increases, and the implications for product design

Chapter

Front Cover

VOIDS IN MATERIALS: From Unavoidable Defects to Designed Cellular Materials

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Acknowledgments

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.1 OVERVIEW

1.2 DESCRIPTIONS

1.3 VOIDS THROUGH THE LENGTH SCALE

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 - Intrinsic Voids, Ideal Materials, and Real Materials

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS

2.3 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

2.4 PROCESSING AND SERVICE INDUCED VOIDS

2.5 TIME DEPENDENT PROPERTIES

REFERENCES

Chapter 3 - Intrinsic Voids in Polymers

3.1 POLYMER STRUCTURE

3.2 FREE VOLUME AND THERMOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR

3.3 KINETIC THEORY OF POLYMER STRENGTH

3.4 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

3.5 ROLE OF VOIDS IN PHYSICAL AGING IN POLYMERS

3.6 MEASUREMENT OF FREE VOLUME

REFERENCES

Chapter 4 - Techniques for Introducing Intentional Voids into Materials

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 COMMONALITIES OF FOAM FORMATION PROCESSES

4.3 INTRODUCTION OF A GAS

4.4 TEMPLATING OR SACRIFICIAL PORE FORMER

4.5 BONDING TOGETHER OF SPHERES, FIBERS, POWDERS, OR PARTICLES

4.6 RAPID PROTOTYPING OF CELLULAR STRUCTURES

4.7 MECHANICAL STRETCHING

4.8 HIERARCHICAL DESIGN WITH VOIDS

REFERENCES

Chapter 5 - Techniques of Introducing Intentional Voids into Particles and Fibers

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 HOLLOW AND POROUS PARTICLES

5.3 HOLLOW AND POROUS FIBERS

5.4 NONSPHERICAL HOLLOW PARTICLES

REFERENCES

Chapter 6 - Cellular Materials

6.1 GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION

6.2 CONVENTIONAL FOAMS

6.3 SYNTACTIC FOAMS

6.4 THERMAL PROPERTIES

6.5 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

REFERENCES

Chapter 7 - Applications

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 MACROSCALE VOIDS

7.3 MICROMETER SCALE VOIDS

7.4 NANOMETER SCALE VOIDS

7.5 SUBNANOMETER VOIDS

REFERENCES

Chapter 8 - Void Characterization

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 MICROSCOPY

8.3 POSITRON ANNIHILATION LIFETIME SPECTROSCOPY

8.4 THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING

8.5 GAS ADSORPTION

REFERENCES

GLOSSARY

AUTHOR INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX

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