Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

Preface

1 - CCHP Literature

1.1 - Introduction

1.2 - CCHP in the Last Decade

References

2 - CCHP Technology

2.1 - Introduction

2.2 - Basic CCHP Cycles

2.2.1 - CCHP Based on Industrial Steam Turbines (ST)

2.2.2 - CCHP System Based on Industrial Gas Turbine (GT)

2.2.3 - CCHP Based on Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine (IC)

2.2.4 - CCHP Based on a Micro-Gas Turbine (MGT)

2.2.5 - CCHP Based on a Micro-Steam Turbine (MST)

2.2.6 - CCHP Based on Stirling Engine

2.2.7 - CCHP Based on Fuel Cells

2.2.8 - CCHP Based on Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT)

2.3 - Thermally Activated Cooling Systems

2.3.1 - Absorption Chillers: H2O-LiBr

2.3.2 - Absorption Chillers: NH3-H2O

2.3.3 - Adsorption Chillers

2.3.4 - Desiccant Cooling

2.3.5 - Ejector Cooling Cycle

2.4 - Problems

References

3 - CCHP Evaluation Criteria

3.1 - Introduction

3.2 - Technological Subcriteria

3.2.1 - Fuel Energy Saving Ratio (FESR)

3.2.2 - Overall Efficiency

3.2.3 - Exergy Efficiency

3.2.4 - Power to Heat Ratio (PHR)

3.2.5 - Operation in Partial Load of Prime Mover (OPL)

3.2.6 - User-Friendliness of Control and Regulation (UFCR)

3.2.7 - Maturity of the Technology

3.2.8 - Recoverable Heat Quality

3.3 - Economic Subcriteria

3.3.1 - Initial Investment Cost (I)

3.3.2 - Operation and Maintenance Cost (IOM)

3.3.3 - Cash Flow (cf)

3.3.4 - Payback Period (PB)

3.3.5 - Net Present Value (NPV)

3.3.6 - Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

3.4 - Environmental Subcriteria

3.4.1 - Noise

3.4.2 - Air Pollution

3.5 - Miscellaneous Subcriteria

3.5.1 - Import and Export Limitations (IEL)

3.5.2 - Local Ability and Ease of Maintenance (LAEM)

3.5.3 - Lifetime

3.5.4 - Footprint

3.6 - Problems

References

4 - CCHP Decision-Making

4.1 - Introduction

4.2 - Multicriteria Decision-Making (MCDM)

4.2.1 - Fuzzy-MCDM Modeling

4.2.1.1 - Quantifying the Qualitative Criteria

4.2.1.2 - Generating the Judgment Matrix

4.2.1.3 - Normalization of the Judgment Matrix

4.2.1.4 - Calculating the Normalized Weight Matrix

4.2.1.5 - Finding the Ideal and Anti-ideal Solutions for All Criteria

4.2.1.6 - Finding the Weighted Distance from the Ideal and Anti-ideal Solutions

4.2.1.7 - Calculating the Closeness Number (CN)

4.2.2 - Grey-MCDM Modeling

4.2.2.1 - Quantifying the Qualitative Criteria

4.2.2.2 - Generating the Judgment Matrix

4.2.2.3 - Normalization of the Judgment Matrix

4.2.2.4 - Calculating the Normalized Weight Matrix

4.2.2.5 - Finding the Ideal and Anti-ideal Solutions for All Criteria

4.2.2.6 - Finding the Weighted Distance from the Ideal and Anti-ideal Solutions

4.2.2.7 - Calculating the GIG

4.3 - Case Studies

4.3.1 - Solution

4.4 - The Effect of m and ξ on l and GIG

4.5 - Problems

References

5 - CCHP Load Calculations

5.1 - Introduction

5.2 - Weather Information

5.3 - Load Calculators

5.4 - Load Calculation Example

5.5 - Problems

References

6 - CCHP Design

6.1 - Introduction

6.2 - Maximum Rectangle Method (MRM)

6.3 - Developed-MRM

6.3.1 - Horizontal Design (Horizontal-MRM)

6.3.2 - Vertical Design (Vertical-MRM)

6.3.3 - High-level Analysis

6.4 - EMS Sizing Methods

6.4.1 - FTL Sizing

6.4.2 - FEL Sizing

6.4.3 - FSL Sizing

6.5 - Thermodynamic Sizing Methods

6.6 - Thermoeconomic Sizing Methods

6.7 - Multicriteria Sizing Methods

6.7.1 - Fitness Function Sizing Method

6.7.2 - Multicriteria Sizing Function

6.8 - Case Study

6.8.1 - Solution Outline

6.8.2 - Sizing Using the MRM

6.8.3 - Sizing Using EMS Methods

6.8.4 - Sizing Using ff

6.8.5 - Sizing Using MCSF

6.9 - Problems

References

7 - CCHP Solar Heat Collectors

7.1 - Introduction

7.2 - Solar Heat Gain Calculation

7.3 - Collector Size

7.4 - Case Study

7.5 - Problems

References

8 - CCHP Thermal Energy Storage

8.1 - Introduction

8.2 - Thermal Energy Storage (TES)

8.2.1 - Sensible Heat Storage (SHS)

8.2.2 - Latent Heat Storage (LHS)

8.3 - Charge and Discharge of TES

8.4 - Sizing of TES

References

9 - CCHP Operation and Maintenance

9.1 - Introduction

9.2 - General O&M Program

9.2.1 - Pre-commissioning

9.2.2 - Commissioning

9.2.3 - Post-commissioning

9.2.4 - Operating Log Sheets

9.2.5 - Troubleshooting

References

10 - CCHP the Future

10.1 - Introduction

10.2 - Benefits of CCHP for Consumers and Governments

10.2.1 - Energy Consumption

10.2.2 - Omitting T&D Losses and Costs

10.2.3 - Safety

10.2.4 - Job Creation

10.2.5 - Economic Benefits for Consumers

10.2.6 - Reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and Air Pollution

10.2.7 - High Potential for Improvement

10.3 - Future of CCHP Systems

References

Symbols

Appendix

Appendix 1

Appendix 2