Carbon Isotope Techniques ( Isotopic Techniques in Plant, Soil, and Aquatic Biology )

Publication series ：Isotopic Techniques in Plant, Soil, and Aquatic Biology

Author： Paul Eldor A.;Melillo Jerry;Coleman David C.

Publisher： Elsevier Science‎

Publication year： 1991

E-ISBN: 9780080500744

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780121797317

P-ISBN(Hardback): 9780121797317

Subject： Q503 biochemical techniques

Language： ENG

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Description

Carbon Isotope Techniques is a hands-on introduction to using carbon isotope tracers in experimental biology and ecology. It provides an easy bench-top reference with many simple-to-follow protocols for studying plants, animals, and soils. The ¹¹C, ¹²C, ¹³C, and ¹⁴C carbon isotopes are considered and standard techniques are described by established authors. This is a synthetic compilation of well-established techniques.
Researchers and students in a wide range of disciplines spanning plant and soil science, agricultural chemistry, forestry, ecology, oceanography, limnology, biogeochemistry, anthropology, and archaeology will find Carbon Isotope Techniques a valuable resource.

Features isotopes in ecological research
Highlights specific user-oriented techniques
Considers carbon cycle in plants, soils, animals, air, and water
Provides examples and sample calculations for radioisotopes in plant, soil, and aquatic biology

Chapter

Front Cover

Carbon Isotope Techniques

Table of Contents

Contributors

Preface

Part I: Uses and Procedures for 14C

Chapter 1. Introduction and Ordinary Counting as Currently Used

I. Introduction

II. Safety Precautions

III. Waste Disposal

References

Chapter 2. Photosynthesis/Translocation Studies in Terrestrial Ecosystems

I. Introduction

II. Materials Required

III. Description of Procedures

IV. General Comments

References

Chapter 3. Techniques for Examining the Carbon Relationships of Plant-Microbial Symbioses

I. Introduction

II. Materials and Procedures

III. Comments

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 4. Photosynthesis/Translocation: Aquatic

I. Introduction

II. Sources of 14C for Production Measurements

III. Sample Protocol for Measuring Phytoplankton Production

IV. Modification of the Protocol for Other Producers

V. Translocation Studies

VI. Comments

References

Chapter 5. Microbe/Plant/Soil Interactions

I. Introduction

II. Materials Required

III. Analytical Procedures

IV. Amount of 14C Required

V. Use of 14C to Estimate Pool Sizes

References

Chapter 6. Environmental Toxicology: Degradation of Herbicides

I. Introduction

II. Liquid Scintillation Counters

III. Imaging Proportional Counters

References

Chapter 7. Aquatic Toxicology: Degradation of Organic Xenobiotics

I. Introduction

II. Materials Required

III. Description of Procedures

IV. Comments

References

Chapter 8. Carbon Dating

I. Introduction

II. Requirements of Carbon Dating

III. Sources of Error, Correction Factors, and Pretreatments

IV. Materials for Carbon Dating

V. Pretreatment Procedures and Carbon Dating Measurements

VI. Calculating, Reporting, and Interpreting 14C Age

References

Chapter 9. Bomb Carbon

I. Introduction

II. General and Specific Requirements

III. Suitability of Materials

IV. Field and Laboratory Procedures

V. Computations of Bomb 14C Results

References

Part II: USES AND PROCEDURES FOR 13C

Chapter 10. Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios of Natural Materials: I. Sample Preparation and Mass Spectrometric Analysis

I. Introduction

II. Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

III. Units of Measurement and Their Relationships

IV. Stable Carbon Isotope Standards

V. Sample Preparation Techniques

VI. Prospects for the Future

References

Chapter 11. Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios of Natural Materials: II. Atmospheric, Terrestrial, Marine, and Freshwater Environments

I. Introduction

II. Atmospheric Environment

III. Terrestrial Environment

IV. Marine Environment

V. Freshwater Environment

VI. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 12. 13C/12C Fractionation and Its Utility in Terrestrial Plant Studies

I. Introduction

II. Approaches and Methods — Sample Collection

III. Procedure

References

Chapter 13. The Study of Diet and Trophic Relationships through Natural Abundance 13C

I. Introduction

II. Sources of Variability

III. Procedures

References

Chapter 14. Tracer Studies with 13C-Enriched Substrates: Humans and Large Animals

I. Introduction

II. Materials Required

III. Procedures

IV. Comments

Acknowledgments

References

Part III: USES AND PROCEDURES FOR 11C

Chapter 15. Intact Organism, Short-Term Studies Using 11C

I. Introduction

II. 11C Production and Use

III. Experimental Results Obtained by the 11C Technique

IV. Discussion

References

Index

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