Photochemistry :An Introduction

Publication subTitle :An Introduction

Author: Arnold   D. R.;Baird   N. C.;Bolton   J. R.  

Publisher: Elsevier Science‎

Publication year: 2014

E-ISBN: 9781483216126

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780120633500

P-ISBN(Hardback):  9780120633500

Subject: O644.1 photochemical

Language: ENG

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Description

Photochemistry: An Introduction covers topics such as industrial photochemistry, solid state photochemistry, spectroscopy and photochemistry of the solid state, industrial applications of photochemistry, and photochromism.
The book discusses the application of bonding, structure, energetics, and reactivity of the ground states of molecules to describe the same properties for molecules in their electronically excited states; the electronic spectra of excited states; and how the excited states react to form chemical transients.
The text also describes light sources, techniques for measuring light intensities and quantum yields, methods used to detect transient photochemical products, and some ancilliary techniques. A review of some features of typical photochemical processes conducted in the vapor state and a survey of the reactions of the urban atmosphere, are also considered. The book further tackles the mechanisms of organic photochemical reactions; the synthetic applications of organic photochemistry; and the photochemistry of the solid state. The text also looks into photochromism and the industrial applications of photochemistry.
People involved in the field of photochemistry will find the book useful.

Chapter

Electronic Transitions

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence

Radiationless Transitions

Lifetimes of Excited States

Spin-Orbital Coupling

Energy Transfer

Primary Photochemical Processes

Homolytic Dissociation into Radicals

Heterolytic Dissociation into Ions

Photoionization

Dissociation of Two Bonds

Photoisomerization, rearrangement and cycloaddition

CHAPTER 2. THEORY AND THE EXCITED STATE

Introduction

Bonding in Electronically-Excited States

The Role of Electron Repulsion

The Geometry of Excited States

Photochemical Reactions

CHAPTER 3. ELECTRONIC SPECTRA OF EXCITED STATES

Introduction

Classification of Electronic States

Intensity of Electronic Transitions

Spin-Orbit Coupling

Applications

The C=C Double Bond

The Carbonyl Group

Aromatic Compounds

CHAPTER 4. TRANSIENTS AND THEIR BEHAVIOR

Types of Transients

Lifetimes of Excited States

Lifetimes and Quantum Yields

Lifetimes of Some Representative Excited States

Steady-state irradiation

Flash Illumination

Photochemical Reactions

Quenching

GENERAL REFERENCES

CHAPTER 5. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES

Steady-State Light Sources

Flash Lamps

Lasers

Measurement of Quantum Yields

Apparatus

Electrical Measurement of Light Intensities

Emission Quantum Yields

References Regarding Quantum Yields

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Lifetimes

Methods Used to Detect Photochemical Transients

Filters and Monochromators

CHAPTER 6. PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE GAS PHASE

Introduction

1. PHOTOSENSITIZATION

2. STATES AND REACTIVITY OF METHYLENE

3. CIS-TRANS PHOTOISOMERIZATION

4. ATMOSPHERIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY

CHAPTER 7. MECHANISMS OF ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS

Introduction

Hydrogen abstraction

Bond cleavage reactions

Cycloadditions

Photocycloaddition of carbonyl compounds to olefins

Valence isomerization

Rearrangement

GENERAL REFERENCES

CHAPTER 8. SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS OF ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY

Photocyclization

Strained molecule and valence isomerism

Cyclobutanol formation

Singlet oxygen

Summary

CHAPTER 9. PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE SOLID STATE

1. ENERGY STATES IN CRYSTALS

2. IMPERFECTIONS IN CRYSTALS

3. ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS

4. SOME REPRESENTATIVE PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN THE SOLID STATE

GENERAL REFERENCES

CHAPTER 10. PHOTOCHROMISM

Introduction

ORGANIC PHOTOCHROMIC SYSTEMS

INORGANIC SYSTEMS

GENERAL REFERENCES

CHAPTER 11. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY

Photo-stabilization and Degradation

Photochromism

Optical Brighteners

Chemiluminescence

Photopolymerization and Cross-Linking

Synthesis

SUBJECT INDEX

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