Front Cover

Human Motor Control

Copyright Page

Table of Contents

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

PART I: PRELIMINARIES

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATION

THE DEGREES-OF-FREEDOM PROBLEM

THE SERIAL-ORDER PROBLEM

THE PERCEPTUAL-MOTOR INTEGRATION PROBLEM

THE SKILL-ACQUISITION PROBLEM

ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 2. PHYSIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS

INTRODUCTION

MUSCLE

PROPRIOCEPTION

SPINAL REFLEXES

CEREBELLUM

BASAL GANGLIA

MOTOR CORTEX

PREMOTOR CORTEX

SUPPLEMENTARY MOTOR CORTEX

PARIETAL CORTEX

CONCLUDING REMARKS

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 3. PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS

INTRODUCTION

THEORIES OF SERIAL ORDER

SKILL ACQUISITION

STORAGE, ACCESS, AND CODES

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

PART II: THE ACTIVITY SYSTEMS

CHAPTER 4. WALKING

INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTIONS OF WALKING

NEURAL CONTROL OF LOCOMOTION

WALKING MACHINES

THE DEVELOPMENT OF WALKING

NAVIGATING

MEMORY

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 5. LOOKING

INTRODUCTION

BLINKING

ACCOMMODATION

PUPIL CONSTRICTION AND DILATION

GENERAL FEATURES OF EYE MOVEMENTS

MINIATURE EYE MOVEMENTS

SACCADES

SMOOTH PURSUIT MOVEMENTS

OPTOKINETIC NYSTAGMUS

THE VESTIBULO-OCULAR REFLEX

VERGENCE MOVEMENTS

EYE MOVEMENTS AND SPACE CONSTANCY

DEVELOPMENT AND PLASTICITY OF OCULOMOTOR CONTROL

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 6. REACHING AND GRASPING

INTRODUCTION

THE DEVELOPMENT OF REACHING AND GRASPING

VISUAL GUIDANCE

AIMING

INTERSEGMENTAL COORDINATION

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 7. DRAWING AND WRITING

INTRODUCTION

DRAWING

WRITING

WRITING AND HANDEDNESS

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 8. KEYBOARDING

INTRODUCTION

REACTION TIME

SEQUENCES OF FINGER PRESSES

TYPEWRITING

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 9. SPEAKING AND SINGING

INTRODUCTION

THE VOCAL TRACT AND ARTICULATORY DYNAMICS

VARIABILITY AND THE MOTOR THEORY OF SPEECH PERCEPTION

RELATIVE POSITIONS AND ACOUSTIC TARGETS

A PARALLEL DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING SYSTEM FOR COARTICULATION

HIGH-LEVEL CONTROL OF SPEECH

BRAIN MECHANISMS UNDERLYING SPEECH

BIRD SONG

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 10. SMILING

INTRODUCTION

PHYSICAL CONTROL OF THE FACE

NEURAL CONTROL OF THE FACE

ORIGINS OF EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION

SOCIAL INTERACTION

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

PART III: PRINCIPLES AND PROSPECTS

CHAPTER 11. CONCLUSIONS

INTRODUCTION

EYE-HAND COORDINATION

HITTING APPROACHING BALLS

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

NEW APPROACHES

SYNERGETICS

THE ECOLOGICAL APPROACH

NETWORK MODELING

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

AUTHOR INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX