Description
Practical Paediatric Nutrition deals with conventional children's nutrition in a clinical or community setting. The book reviews nutritional assessment using three complementary methods, namely, clinical nutritional assessment (symptoms: physical wasting, rickets), anthropometric assessment (manifestations: abnormal measurements, skinfold thickness), and biochemical assessment (analysis: hematology, urine). The text also addresses nutrition in pregnancy and its effects on the fetus. The book notes that selected food supplementation has negligible effects in the mean fetal weight of malnourished populations compared with well-nourished populations. Placental insufficiency can also lead to fetal malnutrition. The text discusses breast feeding, cow's milk formulas, soya-based formulas, and "follow-on formulas." For low birth weight infants, the choice of feeds are the infants' own mothers' milk, expressed or banked; other banked breast milk; fortified human milk (own mother's or banked); standard infant formula; or preterm infant formula. The book also explores the problem of weaning and failure to gain height or weight at the expected rates. The book is helpful for pediatricians, obstetricians, gynecologists, nurses, practitioners in general medicine, and administrators of public health services.
Chapter
Chapter 2. Nutrition in pregnancy and its effects on the fetus
Less clear-cut relationships between maternal and fetal nutrition
Energy
Fetal malnutrition: 'Placental insufficiency'
Chapter 3. Breast feeding
Physiology of breast feeding Prolactin
Practical problems with breast feeding
Establishing breast feeding
Disadvantages of breast feeding
Failure to thrive at the breast
Growth of breast-fed infants
Improving breast-feeding 'statistics'
Chapter 4. Formula feeding
Modern, modified, cows' milk formulas
International Code of Marketing Breast-Milk Substitutes
Problems of cows' milk feeding (Table 4.3)
Chapter 5. Low-birthweight infants
Common complications resulting from enteral feeds in LBW infants
Nutritional problems in LBW infants
Catch-up growth in LBW infants
Weaning in developing countries
Chapter 7. Failure to thrive
The clinical diagnosis of failure to thrive
Failure to utilize {Table 7.4)
Increased requirements (Table 7.5)
Failure to thrive in specific conditions
Chapter 8. Protein-energy malnutrition
Malnutrition and the resistance to infection
Nutrition Rehabilitation Units
The long-term effects of PEM
Chapter 9. Mineral deficiencies
Chapter 10. Vitamin deficiencies
Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency: beri-beri
Niacin deficiency: pellagra
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency
Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy)
Vitamin D deficiency: nutritional rickets
Features of rickets: clinical findings
Rickets in British immigrants
Treatment of nutritional rickets
Treatment of non-nutritional rickets
Chapter 11. Problems of vegetarian and unusual diets
General problems in relation to vegetarian diets
Immigrant groups at risk of nutritional deficiency in Britain
Megavitamins and other eccentric diets
Chapter 12. Nutrition and the teeth
Maternal nutrition and the teeth
Postnatal problems affecting the teeth
'Nursing bottle' syndrome
Vitamin deficiencies and the teeth
Chapter 13. Inborn errors of metabolism
Conditions that can be managed by elimination of a non-essential
nutrient
Hereditary fructose intolerance
Conditions where partial elimination of an essential nutrient is necessary for management
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)
Conditions where enzymatic defects are sensitive to co-factor or other nutrient supplementation
Conditions where management depends on restricting major nutrients Protein – defects of the urea cycle
Carbohydrates – Lacticacidaemias
Glycogen storage disorders
Familial hypercholesterolaemia
Chapter 14. Intolerant reactions to food
Chapter 15. Gastrointestinal disorders
Cows' milk protein intolerance (CMPI)
Coeliac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy; GSE)
Chronic cholestatic jaundice
Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Intestinal lymphangectasia
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease
Malabsorption secondary to gastrointestinal resection
Chapter 16. Parenteral nutrition – intravenous feeding(IVF)
What are the complications of IVF?
Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency
Trace nutrient deficiency
Trace nutrient deficiency
Reintroduction of enteral feeding
Chapter 17. Renal problems
Monitoring children with chronic renal failure
Specific issues in management
The diabetic who needs to slim
Mauriac syndrome (diabetic dwarfism)
Chapter 19. Obesity and anorexia nervosa
Percentage body weight that is fat (%BF) in childhood
Environmental risk factors for obesity
Clinical features of obesity
Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome (LMB)
Sporting activity in adolescence
Chapter 21. Children's nutrition and later health
Atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease
Gastroenterological problems
What dietary recommendations can be made for children to encourage later health?
Practical Paediatric Nutrition
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