Chapter
SECTION I: AN INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PRINCIPLES AND GOALS
Chapter 1. Detecting Ecological Impacts Caused by Human Activities
The Need for Field Assessments
The (In-)Adequacy of Existing Field Assessment Designs
The Organization of This Book
Chapter 2. Goals in Environmental Monitoring
A Case for Confidence Intervals
Chapter 3. Criteria for Selecting Marine Organisms in Biomonitoring Studies
What Should an "Indicator" Indicate?
Chapter 4. Impacts on Soft-Sediment Macrofauna: The Effects of Spatial Variation on Temporal Trends
Chapter 5. Scalable Decision Criteria for Environmental Impact Assessment: Effect Size,Type I, and Type II Errors
Problems with Traditional Decisions
Advantages of Liberating α
Some Problems with a Variable α
SECTION II: IMPROVING FIELD ASSESSMENTS OF LOCAL IMPACTS BEFORE-AFTER-CONTROL-IMPACT DESIGNS
Chapter 6. Detection of Environmental Impacts: Natural Variability, Effect Size, and Power Analysis
Chapter 7. Problems in the Analysis of Environmental Monitoring Data
Before–After–Control–Impact Paired Series Designs
Chapter 8. Estimating the Size of an Effect from a Before–After–Control–Impact Paired Series Design: The Predictive Approach Applied to a Power Plant Study
Background on the Example Data Set
The Standard Approach—The Underlying Model and Implications
Difficulties with the Standard Approach
An Alternative: The Predictive Approach
Chapter 9. On Beyond BACI: Sampling Designs That Might Reliably Detect Environmental Disturbances
Problems with Current Sampling Designs
Asymmetrical Sampling Design to Detect Environmental Impacts
Patterns in Analyses to Detect Environmental Impacts
SECTION III: EXTENSION OF LOCAL IMPACTS TO LARGER SCALE CONSEQUENCES
Chapter 10. Determining the Spatial Extent of Ecological Impacts Caused by Local Anthropogenic Disturbances in Coastal Marine Habitats
Spatial Relationships among Physical and Ecological Variables Following a Local Disturbance
Life-History Attributes and the Dispersal of Ecological Impacts
Chapter 11. Predicting the Scale of Marine Impacts: Understanding Planktonic Links between Populations
Larval Transport Processes
Larval Attributes Contributing to Dispersal
The Relative Importance of Hydrodynamics and Biology
Requirements for Individual Monitoring or EIA Programs
Chapter 12. Influence of Pollutants and Oceanography on Abundance and Deformities of Wild Fish Larvae
Oceanographic Features and the Accumulation of Fish Larvae and Pollutants
Abundance Patterns of Fish Larvae in Plumes
Vulnerability of Fish Larvae to Pollutants
Deformities in Wild Larvae from Plumes
Caveats to Quantifying Deformities in Wild Fish Larvae and Other Approaches
Chapter 13. Consequences for Adult Fish Stocks of Human-Induced Mortality on Immatures
Modeling Compensatory Processes in Fish Populations
Predicted Consequences of Increased Immature Mortality
SECTION IV: THE LINK BETWEEN ADMINISTRATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDIES AND WELL-DESIGNED FIELD ASSESSMENTS
Chapter 14. The Art and Science of Administrative Environmental Impact Assessment
Administrative Environmental Review
Scientific Data Collection and Analyses in Environmental Impact Reports
The Need for Better Scientific Feedback in the EIA Process
Chapter 15. On the Adequacy and Improvement of Marine Benthic Pre-Impact Surveys: Examples from the Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf
Chapter 16. Organizational Constraints on Environmental Impact Assessment Research
Institutional Uncertainties
Chapter 17. Administrative, Legal, and Public Policy Constraints on Environmental Impact Assessment
Resolving Conflict through Comprehensive Environmental Assessment: The U.S. Offshore Oil Leasing Program
The Limitations of Public Environmental Assessment
Chapter 18. Predicted and Observed Environmental Impacts: Can We Foretell Ecological Change?
The San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station
The Impacts That Were Detected
Predicted Effects versus "Reality" Do We Get It Right?
Conclusions and Recommendations
Glossary of Acronyms, Assessment Designs, and Organizations
Detecting Ecological Impacts
：Concepts and Applications in Coastal Habitats
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