Chapter
1.1 The fascination of flatfishes
1.2 A brief history of flatfish research and its contribution to fish biology and fisheries science
1.3 Scope and contents of the book
Chapter 2 Systematic diversity of the Pleuronectiformes
2.2 Systematic profile of the Pleuronectiformes
2.3 Intrarelationships of the Pleuronectiformes
2.4 Brief synopses of the suborders and families
2.5 Diversity of the Pleuronectiformes
2.5.2 Flatfish species diversity
2.5.3 Diversity of species within families
2.5.4 Standing diversity estimate for species of Pleuronectiformes
2.5.5 Relative diversity of the Pleuronectiformes
2.6 Patterns of species discovery among pleuronectiform families
2.6.2 Factors contributing to new species discovery among the Pleuronectiformes
2.6.2.1 Systematic activities
2.6.2.2 Geographic region
Chapter 3 Distributions and biogeography
3.2 Geographic distribution of pleuronectiform lineages
3.3 Global patterns of species richness for the Pleuronectiformes
3.3.1 Latitudinal gradients in species richness
3.3.2 Tropical and subtropical regions
3.3.4 Species richness on continental shelves
3.3.5 Insular versus continental regions
3.3.6 Continental versus oceanic islands
3.4 Species richness in specific environments
3.4.1 Freshwater environments
3.4.4 Shallow-water versus deep-sea habitats
3.5 Historical biogeography
3.5.4 New World tropical flatfishes
3.5.5 Indo-west Pacific region
Chapter 4 Life-history traits in flatfishes
4.2 Diversity in life-history traits of flatfishes
4.3 Variation according to geographical area, habitat use patterns and functional guilds
4.4 Intraspecies variability
4.4.1 Phenotypic plasticity, local adaptation, cogradient variation and parental effects
4.5 Anthropogenic impacts on life-history traits
Chapter 5 Ecology of reproduction
5.2.5 Duration of spawning
5.3.4 Geographical pattern in fecundity
5.3.6 Egg and sperm quality: maternal and paternal effects
5.4 Age and size at first maturation
5.5.1 Energetics of reproduction and growth
5.5.4 Sexual dimorphism in reproduction and growth
5.6 Fisheries-induced evolution in reproduction and growth
5.7 Reproductive potential
Chapter 6 The planktonic stages of flatfishes: physical and biological interactions in transport processes
6.2 Variations in time and space in the plankton
6.3 Physical mechanisms of transport and retention
6.3.1 Wind-forcing & Ekman transport
6.3.2 Estuarine circulation
6.3.4 Influence of climate and oceanographic shifts
6.4 Adaptations to transport conditions: geographical and species comparisons
6.4.1 Comparisons among species within a geographic region
6.4.2 Congeneric comparisons in different regions
6.4.3 Conspecific comparisons in different geographic areas
6.5 Transitioning from the plankton
6.5.1 Criticality of timing
6.5.2 Fidelity to initial touchdown sites
6.5.3 Importance of initial settlement areas
6.6.1 Population genetics
Chapter 7 Development and regulation of external asymmetry during flatfish metamorphosis
7.2 Development and evolution of flatfish external asymmetry
7.3 Regulation of flatfish eye-sidedness
7.6 Summary and future work
Chapter 8 Recruitment level and variability
8.2 Range of distribution
8.3 Average recruitment levels
8.4 Recruitment variability
8.4.1 Processes influencing recruitment variability
8.4.2 Recruitment variability in flatfishes relative to other marine fish species
9.2.1 Larvae and juveniles
9.3.1 Variation in growth
9.3.2 Factors affecting larval growth
9.4 Growth during metamorphosis
9.5 Growth on the nursery grounds
9.5.1 Growth models and growth experiments
9.5.2 Maximum achievable growth and evidence for deviations from maximum growth
9.5.3 Growth compensation and depensation
9.5.4 Nursery ground quality and the use of growth as an indicator of habitat quality
9.6.1 Factors affecting adult growth rates
9.6.2 Tradeoff between growth and reproduction
Chapter 10 Distribution and dynamics of habitat use by juvenile and adult flatfishes
10.2 Distribution of habitat associations
10.2.1 Effects of spatial scale on habitat use and selection
10.3 Nursery role of juvenile habitats
10.4 Dynamics of habitat associations
10.4.4 Tidal, diel and seasonal cycles
10.4.5 Migrations and site fidelity
Chapter 11 The trophic ecology of flatfishes
11.2 Major flatfish feeding groups
11.2.1 Polychaete and crustacean eaters
11.2.4 Other considerations
11.2.4.1 Anthropogenically produced food
11.4 Flatfish competitors
11.5 Flatfish trophic dynamics: a case study of Georges Bank
11.5.1 Shifts in abundance and species composition
11.5.2 Potential competitive interactions
11.5.3 Predation by flatfishes
11.5.4 Have changes in flatfish populations influenced the Georges Bank ecosystem?
11.6 Summary and conclusions
Chapter 12 The behaviour of flatfishes
12.2 Locomotion and related behaviour
12.4.1 Flatfish feeding types
12.4.2.2 Encounter and detection
12.4.3 External factors modifying feeding behaviour
12.5 Predation and reactions to predators
12.5.1 Burial and the role of sediment
12.5.2 Cryptic colouration and behaviour
12.5.3 Escape from predators following attack
12.5.4 Predator avoidance through habitat choice
12.5.5 Effect of size on vulnerability and avoidance of ingestion
12.6 Movements, migrations and rhythms
12.7 Behaviour in relation to fishing
12.7.1 Reactions to mobile fishing gear
12.7.2 Reactions to fixed gear
12.8 Behaviour in relation to aquaculture and stock enhancement
Chapter 13 Atlantic flatfish fisheries
13.2 Main species and nature of the fisheries
13.2.1 North-west Atlantic
13.2.2 North-east Atlantic
13.2.3.1 South-west Atlantic
13.2.3.2 South-east Atlantic
13.3 History of exploitation
13.3.1 North-west Atlantic
13.3.2 North-east Atlantic
13.3.3.1 Fishing fleets and fishing gears
13.4.1 North-west Atlantic
13.4.2 North-east Atlantic
13.5.1 North-west Atlantic
13.5.1.1 International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF)
13.5.1.2 Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO)
13.5.1.3 Fisheries and Oceans Canada
13.5.1.4 United States National Marine Fisheries Service
13.5.2 North-east Atlantic
Chapter 14 Pacific flatfish fisheries
14.2 Main species and nature of fisheries
14.3 History of exploitation
14.3.4 Russia (including the former Soviet Union)
14.5.1 Western North Pacific
14.5.2 Eastern North Pacific
14.5.3 Australia and New Zealand
14.5.5 Ecosystem-based fisheries management
Chapter 15 Tropical flatfish fisheries
15.2 Main species and nature of the fisheries
15.2.2 Commercially important species and/or taxa
15.2.3 Nature of the fisheries
15.2.4 Types of gear employed
15.2.5 Harvest on spawning concentrations, migrating stocks and impacts on recruitment
15.2.6 Industrial versus artisanal characteristics of the fisheries
15.3 History of exploitation
15.3.1 Commercial landings
15.3.2 Geographic occurrence and historical landings
15.4.1 Economic importance
15.5 Management and conservation
15.5.1 Fishery conflicts, regulations and management
Chapter 16 Assessment and management of flatfish stocks
16.2 Population dynamics, assessment, and management
16.2.1 Stock and recruitment
16.2.2 Recruitment, environment, assessment and management
16.2.3 Assessment, management, and uncertainty
16.3 Assessment and management summary
16.3.1 North-east Pacific
16.3.2 North-west Atlantic
16.3.3 North-east Atlantic
Chapter 17 Synergies between aquaculture and fisheries
17.3 Population structure and genomics
17.4.1 Egg and larval stages
17.5 Future directions for common goals and synergies between fisheries and aquaculture
Appendix A: List of scientific and common names of living flatfishes used in the book
Appendix B: Common synonyms of Pleuronectidae used in the text
Index of scientific and common names
Flatfishes
：Biology and Exploitation
( Fish and Aquatic Resources )
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