Large Strain Finite Element Method :A Practical Course

Publication subTitle :A Practical Course

Author: Antonio Munjiza  

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc‎

Publication year: 2014

E-ISBN: 9781118535790

P-ISBN(Hardback):  9781118405307

Subject: O241.82 Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations

Keyword: nullnull

Language: ENG

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Description

An introductory approach to the subject of large strains and large displacements in finite elements.

Large Strain Finite Element Method: A Practical Course, takes an introductory approach to the subject of large strains and large displacements in finite elements and starts from the basic concepts of finite strain deformability, including finite rotations and finite displacements. The necessary elements of vector analysis and tensorial calculus on the lines of modern understanding of the concept of tensor will also be introduced.

This book explains how tensors and vectors can be described using matrices and also introduces different stress and strain tensors. Building on these, step by step finite element techniques for both hyper and hypo-elastic approach will be considered.

Material models including isotropic, unisotropic, plastic and viscoplastic materials will be independently discussed to facilitate clarity and ease of learning. Elements of transient dynamics will also be covered and key explicit and iterative solvers including the direct numerical integration, relaxation techniques and conjugate gradient method will also be explored.

This book contains a large number of easy to follow illustrations, examples and source code details that facilitate both reading and understanding. 

  • Takes an introductory approach to the subject of large strains and large displacements in finite elements. No prior knowledge of the subject is required.
  • Discusses computational methods and algorithms to tackle large strains and teaches the basic knowledge required to be able to critically gauge the results of computational models.
  • Contains a large number of easy to follow illustrations, examples and source code details.
  • Accompanied by a website hosting code examples.

Chapter

1.6 The Scope and Layout of the Book

1.7 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 2 Matrices

2.1 Matrices in General

2.2 Matrix Algebra

2.3 Special Types of Matrices

2.4 Determinant of a Square Matrix

2.5 Quadratic Form

2.6 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

2.7 Positive Definite Matrix

2.8 Gaussian Elimination

2.9 Inverse of a Square Matrix

2.10 Column Matrices

2.11 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 3 Some Explicit and Iterative Solvers

3.1 The Central Difference Solver

3.2 Generalized Direction Methods

3.3 The Method of Conjugate DirectionsConjugate Directions

3.4 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 4 Numerical Integration

4.1 Newton-Cotes Numerical Integration

4.2 Gaussian Numerical Integration

4.3 Gaussian Integration in 2D

4.4 Gaussian Integration in 3DGaussian Integration in 3D

4.5 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 5 Work of Internal Forces on Virtual Displacements

5.1 The Principle of Virtual Work

5.2 Summary

Further Reading

Part Two Physical Quantities

Chapter 6 Scalars

6.1 Scalars in General

6.2 Scalar FunctionsScalar Functions

6.3 Scalar GraphsScalar Graphs

6.4 Empirical Formulas

6.5 Fonts

6.6 Units

6.7 Base and Derived Scalar Variables

6.8 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 7 Vectors in 2D

7.1 Vectors in General

7.2 Vector Notation

7.3 Matrix Representation of Vectors

7.4 Scalar Product

7.5 General Vector Base in 2D

7.6 Dual Base

7.7 Changing Vector Base

7.8 Self-duality of the Orthonormal Base

7.9 Combining Bases

7.10 Examples

7.11 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 8 Vectors in 3D

8.1 Vectors in 3D

8.2 Vector Bases

8.3 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 9 Vectors in n-Dimensional Space

9.1 Extension from 3D to 4-Dimensional Space

9.2 The Dual Base in 4D

9.3 Changing the Base in 4D

9.4 Generalization to n-Dimensional Space

9.5 Changing the Base in n-Dimensional Space

9.6 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 10 First Order Tensors

10.1 The Slope TensorSlope Tensor

10.2 First Order Tensors in 2D

10.3 Using First Order Tensors

10.4 Using Different Vector Bases in 2D

10.5 Differential of a 2D Scalar Field as the First Order Tensor

10.6 First Order Tensors in 3D

10.7 Changing the Vector Base in 3D

10.8 First Order Tensor in 4D

10.9 First Order Tensor in n-Dimensions

10.10 Differential of a 3D Scalar Field as the First Order Tensor

10.11 Scalar Field in n-Dimensional Space

10.12 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 11 Second Order Tensors in 2D

11.1 Stress Tensor in 2D

11.2 Second Order Tensor in 2D

11.3 Physical Meaning of Tensor Matrix in 2D

11.4 Changing the Base

11.5 Using Two Different Bases in 2D

11.6 Some Special Cases of Stress Tensor Matrices in 2D

11.7 The First Piola-Kirchhoff Stress Tensor Matrix

11.8 The Second Piola-Kirchhoff Stress Tensor Matrix

11.9 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 12 Second Order Tensors in 3D

12.1 Stress Tensor in 3D

12.2 General Base for Surfaces

12.3 General Base for Forces

12.4 General Base for Forces and Surfaces

12.5 The Cauchy Stress Tensor Matrix in 3D

12.6 The First Piola-Kirchhoff Stress Tensor Matrix in 3D

12.7 The Second Piola-Kirchhoff Stress Tensor Matrix in 3D

12.8 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 13 Second Order Tensors in nD

13.1 Second Order Tensor in n-Dimensions

13.2 Summary

Further Reading

Part Three Deformability and Material Modeling

Chapter 14 Kinematics of Deformation in 1D

14.1 Geometric Nonlinearity in General

14.2 Stretch

14.3 Material Element and Continuum Assumption

14.4 Strain

14.5 Stress

14.6 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 15 Kinematics of Deformation in 2D

15.1 Isotropic Solid

15.2 Homogeneous Solids

15.3 Homogeneous and Isotropic Solid

15.4 Nonhomogeneous and Anisotropic Solids

15.5 Material Element Deformation

15.6 Cauchy Stress Matrix for the Solid Element

15.7 Coordinate Systems in 2D

15.8 The Solid- and the Material-Embedded Vector Bases

15.9 Kinematics of 2D Deformation

15.10 2D Equilibrium Using the Virtual Work of Internal Forces

15.11 Examples

15.12 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 16 Kinematics of Deformation in 3D

16.1 The Cartesian Coordinate System in 3D

16.2 The Solid-Embedded Coordinate System

16.3 The Global and the Solid-Embedded Vector Bases

16.4 Deformation of the Solid

16.5 Generalized Material Element

16.6 Kinematic of Deformation in 3D

16.7 The Virtual Work of Internal Forces

16.8 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 17 The Unified Constitutive Approach in 2D

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Material Axes

17.3 Micromechanical Aspects and Homogenization

17.4 Generalized Homogenization

17.5 The Material Package

17.6 Hyper-Elastic Constitutive Law

17.7 Hypo-Elastic Constitutive Law

17.8 A Unified Framework for Developing Anisotropic Material Models in 2D

17.9 Generalized Hyper-Elastic Material

17.10 Converting the Munjiza Stress Matrix to the Cauchy Stress Matrix

17.11 Developing Constitutive Laws

17.12 Generalized Hypo-Elastic Material

17.13 Unified Constitutive Approach for Strain Rate and Viscosity

17.14 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 18 The Unified Constitutive Approach in 3D

18.1 Material Package Framework

18.2 Generalized Hyper-Elastic Material

18.3 Generalized Hypo-Elastic Material

18.4 Developing Material Models

18.5 Calculation of the Cauchy Stress Tensor Matrix

18.6 Summary

Further Reading

Part Four The Finite Element Method in 2D

Chapter 19 2D Finite Element: Deformation Kinematics Using the Homogeneous Deformation Triangle

19.1 The Finite Element MeshMesh

19.2 The Homogeneous Deformation Finite Element

19.3 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 20 2D Finite Element: Deformation Kinematics Using Iso-Parametric Finite Elements

20.1 The Finite Element LibraryFinite Element Library

20.2 The Shape Functions

20.3 Nodal Positions

20.4 Positions of Material Points inside a Single Finite Element

20.5 The Solid-Embedded Vector Base

20.6 The Material-Embedded Vector Base

20.7 Some Examples of 2D Finite Elements

20.8 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 21 Integration of Nodal Forces over Volume of 2D Finite Elements

21.1 The Principle of Virtual Work in the 2D Finite Element Method

21.2 Nodal Forces for the Homogeneous Deformation Triangle

21.3 Nodal Forces for the Six-Noded Triangle

21.4 Nodal Forces for the Four-Noded Quadrilateral

21.5 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 22 Reduced and Selective Integration of Nodal Forces over Volume of 2D Finite Elements

22.1 Volumetric Locking

22.2 Reduced Integration

22.3 Selective Integration

22.4 Shear Locking

22.5 Summary

Further Reading

Part Five The Finite Element Method in 3D

Chapter 23 3D Deformation Kinematics Using the Homogeneous Deformation Tetrahedron Finite Element

23.1 Introduction

23.2 The Homogeneous Deformation Four-Noded Tetrahedron Finite Element

23.3 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 24 3D Deformation Kinematics Using Iso-Parametric Finite Elements

24.1 The Finite Element Library

24.2 The Shape Functions

24.3 Nodal Positions

24.4 Positions of Material Points inside a Single Finite Element

24.5 The Solid-Embedded Infinitesimal Vector Base

24.6 The Material-Embedded Infinitesimal Vector Base

24.7 Examples of Deformation Kinematics

24.8 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 25 Integration of Nodal Forces over Volume of 3D Finite Elements

25.1 Nodal Forces Using Virtual Work

25.2 Four-Noded Tetrahedron Finite Element

25.3 Reduce Integration for Eight-Noded 3D Solid

25.4 Selective Stretch Sampling-Based Integration for the Eight-Noded Solid Finite Element

25.5 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 26 Integration of Nodal Forces over Boundaries of Finite Elements

26.1 Stress at Element Boundaries

26.2 Integration of the Equivalent Nodal Forces over the Triangle Finite Element

26.3 Integration over the Boundary of the Composite Triangle

26.4 Integration over the Boundary of the Six-Noded Triangle

26.5 Integration of the Equivalent Internal Nodal Forces over the Tetrahedron Boundaries

26.6 Summary

Further Reading

Part Six The Finite Element Method in 2.5D

Chapter 27 Deformation in 2.5D Using Membrane Finite Elements

27.1 Solids in 2.5D

27.2 The Homogeneous Deformation Three-Noded Triangular Membrane Finite Element

27.3 Summary

Further Reading

Chapter 28 Deformation in 2.5D Using Shell Finite Elements

28.1 Introduction

28.2 The Six-Noded Triangular Shell Finite Element

28.3 The Solid-Embedded Coordinate System

28.4 Nodal Coordinates

28.5 The Coordinates of the Finite Element´s Material Points

28.6 The Solid-Embedded Infinitesimal Vector Base

28.7 The Solid-Embedded Vector Base versus the Material-Embedded Vector Base

28.8 The Constitutive Law

28.9 Selective Stretch Sampling Based Integration of the Equivalent Nodal Forces

28.10 Multi-Layered Shell as an Assembly of Single Layer Shells

28.11 Improving the CPU Performance of the Shell Element

28.12 Summary

Further Reading

Index

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