Contents

Acknowledgements

Note on the Transliteration and the Dates

List of Abbreviations

List of Figures

Introduction

1 Introduction

2 Islam and Islamic Policy in the Netherlands East Indies

3 The Arabs in the Netherlands East Indies

4 The Sources

5 Previous Research and This Book

6 The Organization of This Book

part 1

Sayyid ʿUthman: A View from Within

1. An Indigenous Biography: The Qamar al-zaman

1 Introduction

2 The Suluh zaman and the Qamar al-zaman

3 The Relationship between the Suluh zaman and the Qamar al-zaman

4 The Qamar al-zaman: Language and Form

5 The Qamar al-zaman: Translation

6 Conclusion

part 2

The Life and Work of Sayyid ʿUthman

2. The Formative Years of Sayyid ʿUthman (1822–1862)

1 Introduction

2 Family Background

3 Birth and Youth in Batavia (1822–1841)

4 Stay in Mecca (1841–1847)

5 Stay in Hadramaut (1847–1862)

6 Travels in the Middle East (1855–1856)

7 Conclusion

3. Serving the Muslim Community: Scholar and Publisher in Batavia (1862–1885)

1 Introduction

2 Earliest Activities in Batavia

3 Printing and the Lithographic Press of Sayyid ʿUthman

4 Controversies

The Establishment of the New Moon

The Duplication of Friday Mosques

The Distribution of the Income of the Luar Batang Shrine

Establishing the Correct Qibla

Joint Marital Property

Conditional Repudiation

Procedure of the Islamic Courts

5 Writer and Publisher in Batavia

Introduction to Theology

Works for Pilgrims to Mecca

Edifying Works

A Devotional Text

Atlas of Hadramaut

Genealogy of the Sayyids

Inheritance Law

A Manual for Good Manners

Posters

Instructions for the Collective Prayer

6 Conclusion

4. Partner of C. Snouck Hurgronje (1889–1906)

1 Introduction

2 Early Contacts with the Dutch

3 Disturbances in West Java

4 First Correspondence with C. Snouck Hurgronje in Leiden

5 More Writings against the Tarekat and Some Other Writings

6 Entering the Service of the Government

7 Honorary Advisor for Arab Affairs, 1891

8 Issues with Direct Relevance to the Administration

Wasiat

The New Friday Mosque in Palembang

The Administration of Islamic Law

Dress

Local Politics

9 Conclusion

5. Sayyid ʿUthman and the Pan-Islamist Lobby (1895–1900)

1 Introduction

2 Becoming a Target for Criticism

3 The Prayer for Queen Wilhelmina and the Reactions to It

4 A Royal Decoration

5 Sayyid ʿUthman under Attack

6 Sayyid ʿUthman on the Defensive

7 An Ottoman Decoration?

8 Conclusion

6. Sayyid ʿUthman and the Egyptian Reformist Movement (1905–1912)

1 Introduction

2 Sayyid ʿUthman’s Initial Reaction to the Reformist Movement

3 Sayyid ʿUthman and Rashid Rida in Dialogue

Legal Methodology

Education

4 Answering the Challenge of Rashid Rida

5 More Exchanges between Rashid Rida and Sayyid ʿUthman

6 Persistent Warnings against the Reformists in the Netherlands East Indies

7 Conclusion

7. Constant Guidance for the Muslim Community (1891–1912)

1 Introduction

2 Controversies

The Devil of Bandung

Issues Related to the Qurʾan

3 Guiding the Believers

Admonitions

Fatwas

4 Scholar and Writer

Works Dealing with Ritual

Theological Writings

The Establishment of the New Moon

Works for Practical Use

Mosque Issues

Posters

5 Printing Activities

6 Books for a European Audience

7 Conclusion

8. The Eventful Final Year of Sayyid ʿUthman’s Life

1 Introduction

2 Sarekat Islam

3 Sayyid ʿUthman and Sarekat Islam

Sayyid ʿUthman’s Speech to the Solo Congress

Sayyid ʿUthman’s Writings on Sarekat Islam

4 The Last Concerns and Activities of Sayyid ʿUthman

Admonishing the Arabs

A Final Letter to Leiden

5 The Death of Sayyid ʿUthman

6 Conclusion

part 3

Sayyid ʿUthman: A View from Without

9. Conclusion

1 Introduction

2 The Qamar al-zaman Revisited

3 Sayyid ʿUthman’s Attitude towards the Colonial Government and Western Culture

4 Sayyid ʿUthman’s Involvement in the Colonial Administration

5 Sayyid ʿUthman as a Scholar

6 Conclusion

Appendix

Bibliography

Index