Front Cover

The Psychopathology of Crime: Criminal Behavior as a Clinical Disorder

Copyright Page

Table of Contents

Dedication

Preface

Chapter 1. Crime and the Nature of Psychopathology

I. Introduction

II. Defining Psychopathology

III. Overview of Definitions and Their Fit to Criminal Behavior

IV. Construct Validity Approach to Psychopathology

V. Summary

Chapter 2. Crime in the Context of Evolution

I. Introduction

II. Concepts in Sociobiological Theory

III. The Prisoners' Dilemma

IV. Suckers, Cheats, and Grudgers

V. The Survival of Cheats

VI. Subtle Cheats

VII. Anthropological Studies

VIII. Sociobiological Theories of Antisocial Personality Disorder

IX. Rape and Homicide

X. Evaluation of Evolutionary Perspectives

XI. Summary

Chapter 3. Genetics and Crime

I. Introduction

II. Ten Misconceptions about the Genetics of Crime

III. Twin Methodology

IV. Evidence from Twin Studies

V. Limitations of Twin Studies

VI. Identical Twins Reared Apart

VII. Adoption Study Methodology

VIII. Evidence from Adoption Studies

IX. Key Questions for Genetics Research on Crime

X. Summary

Chapter 4. Neurochemistry

I. General Introduction

II. Introduction to Neurotransmitters

III. Drug Manipulation of Neurotransmitters in Humans

IV. Meta-analysis of Neurotransmitter Levels in Antisocial Populations

V Discussion of Key Findings

VI. Integration of Neurochemical Research with Existing Perspectives on Antisocial Behavior

VII. Recommendations for Future Neurochemical Research

VIII. Summary

Chapter 5. Neuropsychology

I. General Introduction

II. Introduction to Neuropsychology

III. Limitations in the Application of Neuropsychological Methods to Crime

IV. Frontal Dysfunction

V. Left Hemisphere Dysfunction

VI. Reduced Lateralization for Linguistic Functions

VII. Other Brain Sites and Crime

VIII. Psychosurgery and Crime

IX. Conceptual Issues in Neuropsychological Researchon Crime

X. Summary

Chapter 6. Brain Imaging

I. Introduction

II. Techniques in Brain Imaging

III. Computerized Tomography Studies of Crime and Violence

IV Positron Emission Tomography and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Studies of Crime and Violence

V. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies of Crime and Violence

VI. Reduced Prefrontal Glucose Metabolism in Murderers

VII. Overview of Brain Imaging Studies: Frontal Dysfunction in Violent Offenders and Temporal Dysfunction in Sexual Offenders?

VIII. Theoretical Interpretations of Prefrontal Dysfunction

IX. Applications and Implications of Brain Imaging Research

X. Summary

Chapter 7. Psychophysiology

I. General Introduction

II. Introduction to Psychophysiology

III. Skin Conductance and Crime

IV Heart Rate and Crime

V Electroencephalogram and Crime

VI. Event-Related Potential Studies

VII. Prospective Psychophysiological Studies of Crime

VIII. Disinhibited Temperament and Psychophysiological Underarousal

IX. Future Developments: The Nature of the Interaction between Psychophysiological and Social Predispositions for Crime

X. Summary

Chapter 8. Other Biological Factors: Head Injury, Pregnancy and Birth Complications, Physical Appearance, Hormones, Diet, and Lead

I. Introduction

II. Head Injury

III. Birth Complications

IV. Fetal Maldevelopment and Minor Physical Anomalies

V. Physical Attraction/Disability and Cosmetic Surgery

VI. Body Build

VII. Cortisol

VIII. Testosterone

IX. Premenstrual Syndrome and Crime

X. Hypoglycemia

XI. Diet

XII. Lead

XIII. Summary

Chapter 9. Cognitive Deficits

I. Introduction

II. Classical Conditioning and Crime

III. Avoidance Learning and Crime

IV. Oversensitivity to Rewards

V General Comments on Classical Conditioning and Avoidance Learning Deficits in Criminals

VI. Fear Dissipation and Skin Conductance Half-Recovery Time in Criminals

VII. Intelligence

VIII. Learning Disability

IX. Moral Reasoning

X. Social Information Processing

XI. Summary

Chapter 10. Familial Influences

I. Introduction

II. Parental Criminality

III. Child Abuse

IV. Parental Absence

V. Family Management and Discipline

VI. Marital Conflict

VII. Neglect

VIII. Size and Significance of Familial Correlates of Crime

IX. Summary

Chapter 11. Extrafamilial Influences

I. Introduction

II. Peer and School Factors

III. Family Size

IV Social Class

V Unemployment and Low Income

VI. Urban Living/Poor Housing

VII. The Cycle of Social Dysfunction in Criminals

VIII. Summary

Chapter 12. Is Crime a Disorder?

I. Introduction

II. Fit of Definitions of Disorder to Research Findings on Crime

III. Arguments against the Notion That Crime Is a Disorder and Their Associated Counterarguments

IV. Societal and Sociobiological Barriers to Accepting Crimeas a Disorder

V. Constraints on Free Will

VI. Crime as a Disorder and the Status of Biological Research

VII. Suggestions of Racist Undertones to Biological Research on Crime

VIII. Future Directions in Criminality Research

IX. Concluding Statement

X. Summary

References

Author Index

Subject Index