Cover

Contents

Series Editor’s Preface

Acknowledgments

PART 1 SOPHISTIC ARGUMENT AND THE EARLY TRADITION

Introduction

The Category Sophist: Who Counts?

The Figure of Socrates

1 Sophistic Argument: Contrasting Views

Against the Sophists

Figures of Influence

Positive Views of Sophistic Argument

Resistance to Revision

2 Making the Weak Argument the Stronger

A Problem of Translation

Eristics and the Euthydemus

Antiphon the Sophist

Protagorean Rhetoric

3 Plato’s Sophists

Platonic and Sophistic Argument and the “Sophist Dialogues”

Public and Private Argument

Plato’s View of Argument

A Question of Method

Imitation and Method: Eristic and the Peritrope

The Veracity of Plato’s Testimony

4 The Sophists and Fallacious Argument: Aristotle’s Legacy

The Sophists and Fallacy

The Sophistical Refutations

Fallacy in the Euthydemus

Lessons from the Euthydemus

Contrasting Refutations

PART 2 SOPHISTIC STRATEGIES OF ARGUMENTATION

Introduction

Rhetoric and Argumentation

Rhetoric and Sophistry

Extending Sophistic Argument: Alcidamas and Isocrates

5 What Is Eikos? The Argument from Likelihood

The Meaning of Likelihood

Examples from Antiphon

The Range of Eikos Arguments

Evaluating Eikos Arguments

Contemporary Appearances: Walton and the Plausibility Argument

6 Turning Tables: Roots and Varieties of the Peritrope

What Trope Is the Peritrope?

Defining the Peritrope

Reversal Arguments in Gorgias and Antiphon

Socratic and Sophistic Refutations Again

Contemporary Reversals

Evaluation

7 Contrasting Arguments: Antilogoi or Antithesis

The Concepts of Antilogoi and Antithesis

History of the Antilogoi

The Dissoi Logoi

Antithesis and the Counterfactual

Examples of Antilogoi: Gorgias, Antiphon, Prodicus, Thucydides, and Antisthenes

Purpose and Evaluation

Contemporary Echoes

8 Signs, Commonplaces, and Allusions

Modes of Proof

Arguing from Signs

Commonplaces

Allusions

More Recent Echoes

9 Ethotic Argument: Witness Testimony and the Appeal to Character

Ethos

The Appeal to One’s Own Character

Witnesses

Funeral Speeches

Promotion of Character

Attacking Character

The Use of Ethotic Argument and the Modern Ad Hominem

10 Justice and the Value of Sophistic Argument

Truth and Morality: Reasoning in the Dark

A Human Justice

Sophistic Argument and Justice

Two Kinds of Sophist

Sophistic Argument in the Present

Notes

References

Index

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