Contents

Preface

Introduction: Post-Exilic Polemic over the Priesthood

1. Ezekiel 44 in Modern Scholarship

2. History and Hermeneutics, Redaction and Reception

2.1 Methodological Issues in Examining Inner-Biblical Interpretation

2.2 Methodological Issues in Redaction-Criticism

3. Overview and Prospect

1. The Rule of Priests

1.1 yhwh’s Reproach of Israel

1.1.1 The Identity of the Foreigners in Ezekiel 44

1.1.2 Isaiah 56 and Its Relationship to Ezekiel 44

1.1.3 yhwh’s Reproach

1.2 The Word of Judgement

1.2.1 The Levites of Ezekiel 44

1.2.2 A Torah Concerning the Levites

1.2.3 The Sins of the Past

1.2.4 Bearing Sin

1.2.5 The Sons of Zadok

1.3 The Composition of Ezekiel 44:6–16

2. The Rules for Priests

2.1 The Continuation of the Divine Oracle in the Priestly Rules

2.1.1 The Priests and Their Inheritance

2.1.2 The Priests and Their Vestments

2.2 Priestly Conduct

2.2.1 The Instruction Concerning Hair

2.2.2 The Instruction Concerning Alcohol

2.2.3 The Instruction Concerning Marital Partners

2.2.4 The Instruction Concerning Teaching and Judicial Roles

2.2.5 The Instruction Concerning Dead Bodies

2.2.6 The Relationship between the Instructions in Ezekiel 44 and Leviticus 10 and 21

2.2.7 The Structure and Composition of the Rules in Ezekiel 44:20–27

2.2.8 The Missing High Priest

2.3 Priestly Perquisites

2.3.1 A Pentateuchal Compendium

2.3.2 A Précis of Priestly Income

2.3.3 Giving Each Its Due

2.3.4 The Prohibition Against Consuming Animal Carcasses

2.4 The Composition of Ezekiel 44:6–31

3. Zadok and the Sons of Zadok in Second Temple Judaism

3.1 Zadok and his Family in the Book of Chronicles

3.2 The Sons of Zadok at Qumran and in the Damascus Document

3.3 The Sons of Zadok in Ben Sira

3.4 Josephus and the Zadokites

3.4.1 The Sadducees

3.5 Conclusion

Conclusions

1. Text and Historical Reality

2. The End of the Zadokites

3. The Beginnings of the Levites

4. The Hebrew Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls

Bibliography

Index of Ancient Sources

Index of Authors

Index of Subjects