A Comparative Appraisal of Normative Power: The European Union, the United States and the January 25th, 2011 Revolution in Egypt

Copyright

Dedication

Contents

Acknowledgments

List of Tables

List of Abbreviations

A Note on Referencing

1 Introduction

2 Insights from Social Constructivism

2.1 Constructivism, Interests and Identity

2.2 Norms and Normativity

2.3 International Law and International Relations: Musings on Interdisciplinarity

2.4 International Law as a Fundamental Institution

2.5 On the Concept of Power

3 Reinterpreting Normative Power

3.1 Normative Power Europe: The Groundwork

3.2 Normative Power, Civilian Power and Military Power

3.3 The European Union, Normative Power and International Law

3.4 The United States and Normative Power – An Oxymoron?

3.5 The United States, International Law and Global Governance

3.6 Normative Power and Soft Power

3.7 Normative Power, Hegemony and International Law

4 A Three-Dimensional Framework for Analysing Normative Power

4.1 An Analytical Framework for Normative Power

4.2 The Dimension of Norms and Identity

4.3 The Dimension of Means

4.4 The Dimension of Paradoxes

4.5 Data and Methodological Underpinnings

5 Setting the Stage

5.1 Egypt during Hosni Mubarak’s Reign

5.2 The United States and Egypt

5.3 The European Union and Egypt

5.4 The January 25th Revolution and beyond

5.5 Change and the Potential for Normative Power Analysis

6 Dimension I: Norms and Identity

6.1 Norms Advocated by the European Union

6.2 Norms Advocated by the United States

6.3 Manifestations of Cosmopolitan and Multilateral Norms?

6.4 Assessing Normative Identities

7 Dimension II: Means

7.1 The Soft Power Means of the European Union

7.2 The Economic Power Means of the European Union

7.3 The Soft Power Means of the United States

7.4 The Economic Power Means of the United States

7.5. The Military Power Means of the United States

7.6 European and American Means: Reflections in Light of Normative Power Theory

8 Dimension III: Paradoxes

8.1 Paradoxes in the Reaction of the European Union

8.2 Paradoxes in the Reaction of the United States

8.3 Scrutinising the Paradoxes: Normative Impact, Identities and Resistance to Change

9 Final Assessment: Diagnoses, Diseases and Relapses

9.1 Three-Dimensional Vision: A Final Look

9.2 Side Effects: A Wider Take on the Pressures of Reality

9.3 Searching for a Foothold: Normative Power and International Law

9.4 Theoretical Rejuvenation and Future Vistas

9.5 A Final Diagnosis

Epilogue

Appendices

Appendix 1 Documents Used for the Analysis of Norms Promoted by the European Union (Table 6.1)

Appendix 2 Documents Used for the Analysis of Norms Promoted by the United States (Table 6.2)

References

Index