Intellectual Origins of the Republic: Ahmet Ağaoğlu and the Genealogy of Liberalism in Turkey

Copyright

Contents

Preface

1: Introduction

1.1 The Making of a Liberal in Turkey

1.2 Ideas and Contexts

1.2.1 Ağaoğlu in Literature

2: Between Two Worlds: Ideas in the Making

2.1 Family Life and Education

2.1.1 Encounter with Russian Radicalism

2.1.2 Paris

2.2 Early French Influences

2.2.1 James Darmesteter and Ernest Renan

2.3 Early Writings

3: Return to the Near East

3.1 The Caucasus

3.1.1 The 1905 Petition, Violence and the End of the Oil Revolution

3.2 Istanbul

3.2.1 The Turkish Hearths

3.2.2 Activities during World War I

4: Rights, Religion and Nationalism

4.1 Rights and Equality

4.2 Religion, Modernity and the Question of Women

4.3 The Origins of Turkish Nationalism

5: Founding the Republic

5.1 The Establishment of an Authoritarian Regime

5.2 The Economy and a Temporary Democracy

6: Revolution and Ideology

6.1 A Liberal Revolution?

6.1.1 A Critique of the Revolutionaries

6.2 Ideology and the Intelligentsia

6.2.1 Two Liberalisms and Democracy

7: State, Society and the Individual

7.1 Liberal Order

7.1.1 Durkheim and Ağaoğlu

7.1.2 Elements of Modern Liberalism: Division of Labour, Occupational Groupings and Interdependence

7.1.3 Civic Equality and Individual Liberty

7.2 Étatism and Private Initiative

8: Westernisation and Nationalism

8.1 Turkey’s Westernisation

8.2 The Hidden Dialogue between Gökalp and Ağaoğlu

8.3 Nationalism Revisited

8.4 Monday Evening Talks

9: The Moral Ideology of the Republic

9.1 Petr Kropotkin and the Sources of Morality

9.2 The Origins of Moral Decadence Revisited

9.3 The Land of Free Men

9.4 The Divided Self

10: Conclusion: The Road to Liberty?

Bibliography

Index