Cover

Contents

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction

Introduction

Why Study Voting System Change?

Sketching the Research Project

What’s Been Done: A Review of the Literature

What Will Be Done Differently Here: The Framework

Doing Social Science Differently

Applying a Comparative Historical Method

Critical Institutionalism

The Plan of the Book

2 Contextualizing Democracy

Introduction

Political Science and Defining Democracy

From Definition to Context: Historical Struggles over Democracy

1900 to the First World War

The Interwar Period

The Cold War

The Neoliberal Era

Voting System Reform and Democracy: Making the Links

Conclusion

3 Prologue to the Democratic Era

Introduction

Voting System Reform in the Nineteenth Century

The Rise of a New Class

The Link between Class Politics and Voting System Reform: Sweden, Germany, and Belgium

Conclusion

4 Facing the Democratic Challenge, 1900–1918

Introduction

Conservative Resistance to Democracy in Europe, 1900–1918

Germany

Finland

Sweden

Negotiating the Limits of Democracy in Europe, 1900–1918

Switzerland and Norway

France

Denmark

The Netherlands

Anglo-American Voting System Reform, 1900–1918

United Kingdom

Australia

New Zealand

Canada and the United States

Conclusion

5 Struggling with Democracy, 1919–1939

Introduction

The Sudden Rise of Proportional Representation, 1918–1921

Germany

The Neutral Countries in Europe

Italy and France

Anglo-American Countries

Conservative Resurgence and the Slow Decline of PR, 1922–1939

Anglo-American Countries

Continental Europe

Conclusion

6 The Cold War Democratic Compromise, 1940–1969

Introduction

Italy

France

Germany

Conclusion

7 The Neoliberal Democratic Realignment, 1970–2000

Introduction

Ireland, the Netherlands, and Canada

France

Voting System Reform in the 1990s

New Zealand

Italy

Japan

United Kingdom

Conclusion

8 Conclusion

Notes

Select Bibliography

Author Index

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Subject Index

A

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Y