Description
Through an examination of the little-known scientific problems involved with the megaprojects of the
seventies, Peter Williams shows how crucial it is that the place of scientific research in modern society be recognized by government, industry and public alike. This is a topical, provocative yet entertaining book.
Chapter
Oil and gas pipelines: early development
Pipelines for cold regions
Pipelines and the public interest
Where does the "North" begin?
CHAPTER 2: THE TERRAIN IN COLD REGIONS
Solifluction and other soil movements on slopes
Ice-wedge polygons, pingoes and palsar
Other ice in the ground and thermokarst
The climate of the ground
CHAPTER 3 A BRIEF HISTORY OF GEOTECHNICAL ACTIVITIES AND ASSOCIATED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN THE NORTH
The passive, or pre-technological approach
Post-war Northern development and the geotechnical approach up to 1960
What happens when soils freeze?
Conservation and the concern for the natural environment
CHAPTER 4: THE TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE
The first big pipeline on permafrost
Permafrost and earthquakes
Terrain conditions and site investigations
The pipeline and hydrological conditions
Solutions to the problems
CHAPTER 5: THE GAS PIPELINES AND THE FROST HEAVE PROBLEM
The Mackenzie Valley pipeline
Frost heave and the cold pipeline
Origin of the heaving pressure
Frost heave and the shut-off pressure
Measuring the movement of water through frozen ground
CHAPTER 6: THE ALASKA HIGHWAY PIPELINE
Some general problems applying to gas pipelines
Creeping soils, rivers, and glacier-dammed lakes
The Alaska Highway Pipeline and the frost heave problem
CHAPTER 7 MORE PIPELINES, MORE SCIENCE AND MORE POLITICS
The Norman Wells oil pipeline
Applied science carried out by a company
A pipeline bent in France
CHAPTER 8: FREEZING GROUND, SCIENCE AND SOCIETY
Pipelines in cold places: the future
A new problem or an old one?
A scientific challenge neglected
Pipelines and Permafrost
：Science in a Cold Climate
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