Chapter
Part 2: Airport Operations and Safety and Emergency Management
Part 3: Future Airport Operational Challenges
2 Operating Airports as Complex and Regulated Global Resources
The Advent of Airport Operations
Operating Airports as Societal Icons
Development of Airport Operations
Airport Operations and Federal Subsidies
Airport Operations, Safety, and Security
Airport Operations and Communications
Airports as a System-of-Systems
Airport Authorities and Organizational Management
Airports, Federal Aviation Administration, and Transportation Security Administration
Airport Operations and State Aeronautical Divisions
Airport Operations and Industry Trade Organizations
3 Operations and the Airport Environment
Airport Compliance Manual (Order 5190.6b) and Grant (Sponsor) Assurances
Grant Assurance Requirements
Rules, Policies, and Regulations/Minimum Standards
Fixed Base Operators and General Aviation Airports
Specialized Aviation Service Operators
Private and Corporate Aircraft Tenants
Government Aviation Functions
Transportation Security Administration
Federal Aviation Administration and Control Towers
Other Government Agencies at the Airport
Core Functions of Airport Operations
Operations and Communications Centers
Security Operations Center
Police, Fire, and Emergency Medical Dispatch
Weather Monitoring and Reporting
Airport Maintenance and System Monitoring
4 Safety Management Systems & Airport Operations: Part I
Safety Management Systems
Airport Safety and Safety Management Systems
The Evolution of Safety and Safety Management Systems in the United States
Benefits of Safety Management Systems
The Four Pillars of Safety Management Systems
Pillar I: Safety Policies
Pillar II: Safety Risk Management
Pillar III: Safety Assurance
Pillar IV: Safety Promotion
Implementing Safety Management Systems
Safety Management Systems Organization
Safety Management Systems Information Control
Proactive Safety Management Systems Coordination of Emergency Planning and Response Safety Management Systems
The Safety Risk Management Process
Describe the System or Activity
Assess and Analyze the Risk
Prioritize, Treat, and Monitor Risks
5 Safety Management Systems: Part II
Elements of Safety Assurance
Safety Assurance Oversight and Measurement
Safety Reporting at Airports
Protecting the Identity of the Reporting Party
Safety Assurance at the Organizational Level
Line Operations Safety Audit versus Transportation Security Administration
International Civil Aviation Organization Safety Audit Recommendations
Safety Assurance–Lessons Learned
Traditional Models of Safety
The Elements of Safety Promotion
Case Study: Aviation Safety in the U.S. Coast Guard
Building a Safety Culture
6 Airside Operations: Safety Self-Inspections
The Airport Manager and Airside Operations
Regulatory Review of Title 14 CFR Part 139 and Airside Operations
Regulatory Review of Flight and Related Airside Operations
Part 139–Airport Operating Certificate and Airport Certification Manual
Administrative Requirements and Airside Operations
The Airport Certification Manual and Airside Operations
Required ACM Elements for Airside Operations
Recordkeeping for Airside Operations
Self-Inspection Personnel for Airside Operations
Best Practices: Airside Self-Inspection Training
The Federal Aviation Administration’s Airside Inspection Process
The Safety Self-Inspection Program
The Airside Regularly Scheduled Self-Inspection
Continuous Surveillance in Airside Self-Inspections
Periodic Condition Inspection
Airport Condition Reporting
Appendix A: Example Operations Training Record
Appendix B: Airport Safety Self-Inspection Checklist
Appendix C: Suggested Tools, Education, and Training for Airport Operations Personnel
Vehicle and Equipment for Operations Personnel
7 Airport Maintenance Standards & Air Traffic Control & Air Operations
Airport Maintenance Standards
Airfield Maintenance Requirements
Pavement Type and Structure
Examples of Cracking in Flexible Pavements
Examples of Disintegration in Flexible Pavements
Examples of Distortion in Flexible Pavements
Examples of Loss of Skid Resistance in Flexible Pavements
Examples of Cracking in Rigid Pavements
Examples of Disintegration in Rigid Pavements
Examples of Distortion in Rigid Pavements
Examples of Loss of Skid Resistance in Rigid Pavements
Runway Design and Operations
Runway Location, Orientation, and Movement Areas
Runway and Taxiway Elements
Airfield Signs, Markings, and Lighting
Air Traffic Control and Air Operations
Runway Landing Designator Marking
Runway Centerline Marking
Runway Aiming Point Marking
Runway Touchdown Zone Marking
Runway Displaced Threshold Marking
Runway Demarcation Bar Marking
Chevron Markings for Blast Pads, Stopways, and Engineered Material Arresting Systems
Types of Taxiway Markings
Holding Position Markings
Taxiway Centerline Marking
Surface-Painted Holding-Position Signs (Marking)
Surface-Painted Taxiway Direction Signs (Marking)
Surface-Painted Taxiway Location Signs (Marking)
Surface-Painted Gate-Destination Signs (Marking)
Surface-Painted Apron-Entrance Point Signs (Marking)
Taxiway Shoulder Markings
Geographic Position Marking
Non-Movement Area Boundary Markings
Intermediate Holding Position Marking for Taxiway/Taxiway Intersections
Vehicle Service Road Markings
Very-High-Frequency Omnidirectional Range Receiver Checkpoint Marking
Marking and Lighting of Permanently Closed Runways and Taxiways
Temporarily Closed Runways and Taxiways
Runway and Taxiway Lighting
Runway Centerline Lighting
Runway Edge Lighting Systems
Threshold or Runway End Lights
Surface Movement Guidance and Control System Lighting
Additional Airport Lights
Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems
Aircraft Navigational Aids
Instrument Flight Rules Low-Altitude En Route Charts and High-Altitude Jet Route Charts
Very-High-Frequency Omnidirectional Range
The Instrument Landing System
Global Positioning Systems
Automated Flight Service Stations
Airport-Based Weather Observation Stations
Airspace and Air Traffic Control
Other Airspace Classifications
The Air Traffic Control Tower and Related Services
8 Airport Safety Programs
Airport Condition Reporting—Notices to Airmen
Types of Notices to Airmen
Digital Notices to Airmen
Runway Incursion Prevention
Runway Incursions and Surface Incidents
Limit Access to the Movement Area
Snow Removal Operations and Runway Incursions
Personnel, Vehicles, and Equipment Resources
Technologies to Reduce Runway Incidents During Snow Removal Operations
Snow and Ice Control Plan
The Snow and Ice Control Committee
Snow and Ice Removal Criteria
Snow Clearing Operations and Ice Prevention
Surface Assessment and Reporting
Snow Removal Considerations
Wildlife Management Requirements of Part 139 Operators
The Wildlife Hazard Management Plan
Habitat Modification Strategies
Wildlife Strike Reporting
Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting
The Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting Index
Supporting Resources in Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting
Hazardous Material and Fire Prevention on Airports
Operational Safety During Construction on Airports
Construction Safety and Phasing Plan
Safety Areas and Work Limits
Protection of Airspace: Obstructions
Protection of Runway, Taxiway, and Safety Areas
Protection of Navigational Aids
Foreign Object Debris Management
Special Conditions and Emergencies
Hazardous Material Incidents
Ground Vehicle Operations
Marking, Signs, and Lights
9 Landside and Terminal Operations
The Landside and Terminal System
Airport Operations Responsibilities in Landside and Terminal Areas
Terminal Design and Operations
The Airport Passenger Supply Chain
Passenger Distribution Models
Security and Satellite Airports
Passenger-Related Processes: Curbside to Gate
Passenger-Related Processes: Gate to Curbside
Individuals with Functional Needs
Safety and Security Roles of the Terminal Manager
The Airport Roadway Layout
Landside Operations Management
Safety and Security Roles of the Landside Operations Manager
Ground Transportation Revenue and Congestion Management
Airport Parking Lot Operations
Parking Options and Services
10 Airport Emergency Planning, Part I
Perspectives on Aircraft Crashes and Airport Response
General Aviation Airports
Airport Emergency Management Personnel
Airport Emergency Management Planning
Comprehensive Emergency Management
Drafting the Airport Emergency Plan
Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program and the Training and Exercise Planning Workshop
Airport Emergency Plan: The Basic Plan
Core Functions of Response Agencies
Airport Authority/Management
Coast Guard/Harbor Patrol
Emergency Management Agencies
Emergency Medical Services
State or Local Environmental Agency
Explosive Ordnance Disposal
Federal Aviation Administration
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting
Hazardous Material Response Team
Health and Medical Personnel
National Transportation Safety Board
All Tasked Individuals/Organizations
11 Airport Emergency Planning, Part II: Emergency Management Functions
Essential Functions for Emergency Operations
Alert Notification and Warning
Emergency Public Notification
Law Enforcement and Security
Airport Operations and Maintenance
The Airport Emergency Command Center and Operations
Organizing the Emergency Operations Center
Organizing Around a Multi-Agency Command Group
The Incident Command Post and Mobile Command Unit
National Incident Management System and the Incident Command System
National Incident Management System Core Components
Information and Intelligence
Incident Management Teams–SEADOG and WESTDOG
Area Command and Multiagency Coordination
Public Information Officer
The Public Information Officer in Incident Management
Operational Security and Health Information
Joint Information Systems/Joint Information Center
12 Airport Emergency Planning, Part III
Overview of the Hazard-Specific Sections
Aircraft Incidents and Accidents
Agency Responsibilities for Aircraft Accidents
Law Enforcement and Security
Emergency Medical Services
Air Carrier or Aircraft Owner/Operator
Diverts and Incidents at General Aviation Airports
Recovery Operations and Investigatory Phase
Structural Fires, Fuel Farm, and Fuel Storage Areas
Airport Hurricane Preparedness, Response, and Recovery
Hurricane Ivan, Pensacola, Florida, 2004
Earthquakes and Airports: Historical Review and Lessons Learned
Hazardous Material Incidents
Failure of Power for Movement Area Lighting
13 Emerging Issues in Airport Operations, Safety, and Emergency Management
The Psychology of Emergency Response: Responders and Victims
Effective Incident Command
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Categories and Exemptions
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Uses
Unmanned Aerial Systems and Airport Operations
What Happened to the Space Shuttle?
The Federal Aviation Administration’s Role in Commercial Space
The Spaceport Application Process
Considerations in Becoming a Spaceport
Emerging Airport Safety and Security Challenges
Practical Airport Operations, Safety, and Emergency Management
：Protocols for Today and the Future
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