Contents

Preface

Acknowledgements

List of Illustrations

Abbreviations and Text Critical Symbols

Part 1

Chapter 1 Texts and Contexts: The Linguistic Settings of Near Eastern Christian Communities

1.1 Near Eastern Christian Communities: A Background

1.2 Traditional Liturgical Languages and Arabic Translations

Chapter 2 Previous Research

Chapter 3 Description of the Early Manuscripts

3.1 Canonical Composition and Liturgical Books

3.2 Classification

3.2.1 ArabSyr1*

3.2.2 ArabHebr1

3.2.3 The Prophetologion

3.2.4 ArabSyr2

3.2.5 ArabSyr3

3.3 The Song of the Three Young Men

3.4 Physical Description and Content

3.4.1 MS Sinai Arabic 1

3.4.2 MS Sinai Arabic 2

3.4.3 MS Sinai Arabic 513

3.4.4 MS Sinai Arabic 597

3.4.5 MS Oxford, Bodl., Fraser (Or.) 257

3.5 Vorlage Dependence

3.5.1 The Textual Identity of Daniel in MS Sinai Arabic 1

3.5.2 The Textual Identity of Daniel in MS Sinai Arabic 2

Part 2

Chapter 4 The Bible in Translations

4.1 Method and Principles of the Present Work

4.1.1 The Arabic Texts and Their Vorlagen

4.1.2 Linguistic Register of the Arabic Texts

4.1.3 Transliteration and Translation Principles

Chapter 5 Textual Additions

5.1 Semantic Additions

5.1.1 Cultural-Logical Adjusters

5.1.2 Referential Links

5.1.3 Temporal Links

5.1.4 Repeated Information

5.1.5 Explicative Additions

5.1.6 Specifications and Dramatic Elements

5.2 Syntactic Additions

5.2.1 Grammatical Complements

5.2.2 Resumable Additions

Chapter 6 Textual Omissions

6.1 Repeated Information

6.1.1 Omission and Abbreviation of Repeated Information

6.1.2 Paraphrasing of Repeated Information

6.2 Inferable Information

6.2.1 Omission of Clause Constituents

6.2.2 Substitution by Suffixed Pronouns

6.3 Inessential Information

6.3.1 Construct Chains

6.3.2 Similar Information

6.3.3 Omission in Lists

6.4 Specifications and Dramatic Elements

6.5 Miscellaneous Material

6.6 Summary of Textual Omissions

Chapter 7 Textual Substitutions

7.1 Extra-Textual Adjusters

7.1.1 Extra-Textual Sources

7.1.2 Material Relating to the Godhead

7.2 Idiomatic Expressions

7.3 Paraphrastic Substitutions

7.4 Summary of Textual Substitutions

Chapter 8 Lexicon

8.1 Sound-similar Roots

8.2 Transliteration

8.3 Lexical Consistency

8.4 Paraphrase

8.4.1 Adaptations and Concretization

8.4.2 Metonyms

8.5 Islamic Vocabulary

8.6 Alternate Renderings

8.6.1 Complementing Renderings

8.6.2 Synonymous Renderings

8.7 Proper Names

8.7.1 Arabicized Forms

8.7.2 Christianized Forms

8.7.3 Transliterated Forms

8.7.5 Spelling Preferences

8.8 Summary of Lexicon

Chapter 9 Syntax

9.1 Word Order

9.1.1 ST: Subject Verb (SV)—TT: Verb Subject (VS)

9.1.2 TT: Subject Verb (SV)

9.1.3 ST: Object Verb (OV)—TT: Verb Object (VO)

9.1.4 TT: Object Verb (OV)

9.1.5 ST: Indirect Object (iO) Preceded by lǝ

9.1.6 ST: Adverbial Verb—TT: Verb Adverbial

9.2 Clause Linkage

9.2.1 ST: Clauses Linked by wǝ/way

9.2.2 Asyndetic Clause—Syndetic Clause

9.2.3 ST: Temporal Adverbials and Concessive Conjunctions

9.2.4 Attributive Relative Clauses

9.2.5 Complement Clauses

9.2.6 Adverbial Clauses

9.2.7 Conditional Clauses

9.3 Impersonal Actions

9.4 Infinitive Constructs

9.5 Negations

9.5.1 ST: ʾēn/lāʾ-ʾīṯay/layt

9.5.2 ST: lōʾ /lāʾ (or ʾal) + Imperfect

9.5.3 ST: lōʾ/lāʾ+ Perfect

9.6 Participles

9.6.1 ST: Active Participle—TT: Imperfect

9.6.2 ST: (hăwāh/hăwāʾ +) Active Participle—TT: Perfect

9.6.3 STs: Active Participle—TTs: Active Participle

9.7 Moods of the Verb

9.7.1 The Subjunctive

9.7.2 The Jussive

9.7.3 The Imperative

9.8 Gender, Number and Case Endings

9.8.1 ST: Plural Verb—TT: Singular Verb

9.8.2 Case Endings

9.9 Summary of Syntax

Chapter 10 Samples from Christian Arabic Old Testament Texts

10.1 Christian Arabic Translations of the Book of Daniel

10.1.1 Samples from ArabSyr1* (MSS Sinai Ar. 513 and 597)

10.1.2 Samples from the Prophetologion

10.1.3 Samples from ArabSyr2

10.1.4 Samples from ArabSyr3

10.1.5 Samples from the Translation Attributed to al-ʿAlam

10.2 Christian Arabic Old Testament Translations

10.2.1 The Prophets

10.2.2 The Pentateuch

10.2.3 Ruth

10.2.4 Chronicles

10.2.5 Proverbs

10.3 Preliminary Scheme of Common Techniques

Chapter 11 Concluding Remarks

Bibliography

Index of Names and Subjects

Index of Arabic Manuscripts

Index of Arabic Bible and Qurʾān References