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LIBRARY CONSORTIA

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LIBRARY CONSORTIA: Practical Guide for Library Managers

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CONTENTS

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

PREFACE

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

1 - Library Consortia: An Overview

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 LIBRARY COOPERATION

1.3 LIBRARY CONSORTIA

1.3.1 Conceptual Development

1.3.2 Analogous and Synonymous Terms

1.3.3 Definition

1.4 PURPOSE OF LIBRARY CONSORTIA

1.5 CONSIDERATION OF POINTS BEFORE CONSORTIA FORMATION

1.6 FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR FORMATION OF LIBRARY CONSORTIA

1.6.1 Changes in Technology

1.6.2 Changes in the Scholarly Research and Publishing

1.6.3 Economic Competition

1.6.4 Quality Improvement

1.7 SUMMARY

2 - Origin and Development of Library Consortia

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 HISTORY OF LIBRARY CONSORTIA

2.3 DEVELOPMENT OF CONSORTIA ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS

2.4 REASONS FOR SUCCESS OF LIBRARY CONSORTIA

2.5 ISSUES CONCERNING CONSORTIUM PURCHASES

2.5.1 The Big Deal

2.5.2 The Need for New Pricing Models

2.6 THE STAKEHOLDERS

2.7 IMPACT OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN LIBRARY CONSORTIA FUNCTIONING

2.8 SUMMARY

3 - Library Consortia: Components and Benefits

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 NEEDS OF LIBRARY CONSORTIA

3.2.1 For Libraries

3.2.2 For Users

3.2.3 For Publishers

3.3 COMPONENTS OF LIBRARY CONSORTIA

3.3.1 Stakeholders

3.3.1.1 Publishers and Subscription Agents

3.3.1.2 Library Users

3.3.1.3 Libraries and Institutions

3.3.2 E-journals

3.3.2.1 Types of E-journals

3.3.2.2 Benefits of E-journals

3.3.2.3 Disadvantages of E-journals

3.3.3 E-books

3.3.3.1 Benefits of E-books

3.3.3.2 Disadvantages of E-books

3.4 ADVANTAGES OF LIBRARY CONSORTIA

3.5 DISADVANTAGES OF LIBRARY CONSORTIA

3.6 CRITERIA FOR A SUCCESSFUL LIBRARY CONSORTIUM

3.6.1 Sustenance and Continuity

3.6.2 Agility

3.6.3 Resources Based on Usage

3.6.4 Collaborative Working

3.6.5 Creative and Innovative Organization

3.6.6 Special Interest Group

3.6.7 Valuable Programs and Services

3.6.8 Clear Funding and Ownership

3.6.9 Strong Leadership/Governance

3.6.10 Agreed Management Strategy

3.6.11 Adequate Staffing

3.6.12 Continuous Communication

3.6.13 Shared Vision

3.6.14 Users’ Involvement in the Process of Resource Selection

3.6.15 Larger Spread of Consortium to Attract Interest of the Publisher

3.7 SUMMARY

4 - Library Consortia Models

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 LIBRARY CONSORTIA MODELS

4.3 TYPES OF LIBRARY CONSORTIA MODELS

4.3.1 Based on Participants

4.3.1.1 Informal or Loosely Federated Consortia

4.3.1.2 Formal Consortia

4.3.2 Based on Parent Organizations

4.3.3 Based on Subject Coverage

4.3.4 Based on Area of Coverage

4.3.4.1 National Consortium

4.3.4.2 Statewide or Nationwide Consortium

4.3.4.3 Regional Consortium

4.3.5 Based on the Purpose of Coming Together

4.3.6 Based on Source of Funding

4.3.6.1 Centrally Funded Model and Self-sustained

4.3.6.2 Shared-budget Model

4.3.7 Based on Governance and Organizational Structure

4.3.7.1 Highly Decentralized

4.3.7.2 Highly Centralized

4.3.8 Based on Clients

4.3.9 Based on Participants’ Affiliation

4.3.9.1 Open Consortia

4.3.9.2 Closed-group Consortia

4.3.9.3 Homogeneous Model

4.3.10 Models by Experts

4.3.10.1 Allen and Hirshon Model

4.3.10.2 O’Connor Model

4.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCCESSFUL MODEL

4.5 SUMMARY

5 - Management of Library Consortia: Organization and Finance

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 GOVERNANCE OF LIBRARY CONSORTIA

5.2.1 Organizational Structure

5.2.2 Management (Staff) Structure

5.3 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN LIBRARY CONSORTIA

5.4 INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

5.4.1 Selection of Information Resources

5.4.2 Procurement of Information Resources

5.4.2.1 Selection of Suitable Pricing Model

5.4.2.2 Adaptation of Beneficial Licensing Model

5.4.2.3 Signing of License Agreement

5.5 SUMMARY

6 - Management of Library Consortia: Pricing and Licensing

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 PRICING MODELS OF INFORMATION RESOURCES

6.2.1 Types of Pricing Models

6.2.1.1 Print Plus Electronic or Base Plus Pricing

6.2.1.2 Electronic Plus Print or Deep Discount Price

6.2.1.3 Electronic-only Model

6.2.1.4 Traditional Online Transactional Fee Model

6.2.1.5 Traditional Individual Library Subscription Model

6.2.1.6 Title-by-Title Subscriptions

6.2.1.7 Package Plans Model

6.2.1.8 Discount/Differential Models or Consortia Discount Models

6.2.1.9 Back File Pricing Model

6.2.1.10 Tiered Pricing Model

6.2.1.11 Flip Pricing

6.2.1.12 Bundling Model

6.2.1.13 Prior Year Plus a Premium

6.2.1.14 Variations on the Title Subscription Price

6.2.1.15 Simultaneous Users

6.2.1.16 Population-based Models

6.2.1.17 Usage-based Pricing

6.2.1.18 Pay-Per-View Pricing

6.2.1.19 Core Plus Peripheral Pricing Model

6.2.1.20 Reasonable Pricing Model

6.2.1.21 Print and Online Big Deals Model

6.2.1.22 Border Warfare Model

6.2.1.23 Pricing Electronic Access to Knowledge Model

6.2.1.24 Open Access Model

6.2.2 Parameters of Pricing for Library Consortium

6.2.3 Factors Influencing Pricing Models

6.3 NEGOTIATIONS AND LICENSING AGREEMENTS FOR CONSORTIUM DEALS

6.3.1 Negotiation

6.3.2 License Agreements

6.3.2.1 Principles for Licensing Electronic Resources

6.3.2.2 Licensing Models

6.3.2.3 Major Points in License Agreement

6.3.2.4 Restrictions in the License Agreement

6.3.2.5 Consortia Licensing Agreements

6.3.2.6 Factors Motivating Consortia Licensing Agreement

6.4 SUMMARY

7 - Management of Library Consortia: Challenges

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 INCREASING EXPECTATIONS AND STATIC BUDGETS

7.3 RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION

7.4 TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE

7.5 PRICING ISSUES

7.6 ACCESS AND ARCHIVING-RELATED ISSUES

7.7 LICENSING AND COPYRIGHT ISSUES

7.8 SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES

7.9 USAGE AND USABILITY ISSUES

7.10 SUMMARY

REFERENCES

INDEX

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B

C

D

E

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G

I

J

L

M

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P

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T

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V

W

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