PHYSICAL EXERCISES AN IMPORTANT TOOL FOR PHYSICAL THERAPY

PHYSICAL EXERCISES AN IMPORTANT TOOL FOR PHYSICAL THERAPY

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1 Oxygen Provision and Utilization during Postural Challenges and Dynamic Exercise

Abstract

Introduction

1. Energy Provision by Oxidative Phosphorylation

2. Oxygen Delivery for the Oxidative Phosphorylation

3. Influences of the Body Posture on Oxygen Delivery

4. Oxygen Uptake during Dynamic Exercise

4.1 Fick Principle: Oxygen Delivery versus Oxygen Utilization

5. Oxygen Delivery during Dynamic Exercise

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2 Dynamic Exercise: Beneficial Effects for Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Acute Responses to Dynamic Exercise in CAD

3. Evaluation of CAD Patients: Preparation for Prescribing Physical Exercise

3.1. Global Assessment

3.2. Physical Stress Testing for Evaluation and Exercise Prescription in Patients with CAD

3.2.1. Exercise Testing and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

3.2.2. Six-minute walk test and Shuttle walk test

4. Prescription of Dynamic Exercises for Patients with CAD

4.1. Principles of Training

4.2. Physical Training in CAD Patients

4.2.1. Physical Training during the Acute and Subacute Phase (Hospitalized Patient)

4.2.2. Physical Training in the Convalescence Phase (Outpatient)

4.2.3. Physical Training in the Chronic Phase

4.3. Training Methods in Patients with CAD

4.4. Risk Stratification for Exercise Training

5. Adaptations to Exercise

6. Expected Perspective

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 3 Resistance Exercise Training for CAD Patients

Abstract

Introduction

Resistance Exercise (RE): Principles and Terminologies

Acute Cardiovascular and Hemodynamic Responses to Resistance Exercise

Evaluation for Resistance Exercise

Resistance Training Prescription

Benefits and Strategies of Resistance Training in CAD Patients

Conclusion

References

Chapter 4 Respiratory Muscle Training Devices Used in Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Abstract

Introduction

RMT in COPD

RMT in Asthma

RMT in Neurological Diseases

Devices

Conclusion

References

Chapter 5 Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Training on the Rehabilitation Program for Chronic Respiratory Diseases Patients

Abstract

Introduction

Physical Exercises in Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Limitations to Physical Exercise in Chronic Respiratory Disease Patients

Aerobic Training

Resistance Training

Combined Training

Strategies for the Optimization of Physical Exercise in Chronic Respiratory Diseases patients

Conclusion

References

Chapter 6 Rehabilitation Exercises for Patellofemoral Pain

Abstract

Introduction

Definitions, Incidence and General Overview

Risk Factors and Factors Associated with Patellofemoral Pain

Outcomes Predictors for Patellofemoral Pain Rehabilitation

Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation

Rehabilitation Exercises

Flexibility Exercises

Quadriceps Training

Hip Muscles Training

Functional Movement and Gait Training

Adjunct and Other Treatment Options

Conclusion

References

Chapter 7 Therapeutic Exercises in the Rehabilitation of Knee Osteoarthritis

Abstract

Introduction

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Radiological and Clinical Diagnosis

The Clinical Characteristics: Signs and Symptoms

Clinical Evaluation

Rehabilitation

1. Aquatic Exercises

1.1. Definitions and Guiding Principles

1.2. Effects of Aquatic exercises

Physiological Effects of Immersion in Resting

Physiological Effects of Exercise in Water

1.3. Contraindications and Precautions

1.4. Determinants of Aquatic Exercises

1.5. Aquatic Exercises

2. Resistance Exercises

2.1. Definitions and Guiding Principles

2.2. Effects of Resistance Exercises

2.3. Contraindications and Precautions

2.4. Determinants of Resistance Exercises

2.5. Types of Resistance Exercises

2.6. Resistance Exercises

3. Stretching Exercises

3.1. Definitions and Guiding Principles

3.2. Effects of Stretching Exercises

3.3. Contraindications and Precautions

3.4. Determinants of Stretching Exercises

3.5. Types of Stretching Exercises

3.6. Stretching Exercises

4. Sensorimotor Training

4.1. Definitions and Guiding Principles

4.2. Effects of Sensorimotor Training

4.3. Contraindications and Precautions

4.4. Determinants of Sensorimotor Training

4.5. Types of Sensorimotor Training

4.6. Sensorimotor Training

5. Aerobic Exercises

5.1. Definitions and Guiding Principles

5.2. Effects of Aerobic Exercises

5.3. Contraindications and Precautions

5.4. Determinants of Aerobic Exercises

5.6. Aerobic Exercises

Conclusion

References

Chapter 8 Clinical Rationale Behind the Exercises for Shoulder Dysfunctions

Abstract

Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder

Normal Shoulder Motion

Shoulder Impingement

Shoulder Instability

The Thrower's Shoulder

Exercise-Based Rehabilitation

Stretching Exercises

Strengthening / Motor Control Exercises

Summary

References

Chapter 9 Gait Training in Neurological Rehabilitation

Abstract

Introduction

Normal Gait Pattern

Gait Patterns in Neurological Conditions

Gait Training for Neurorehabilitation

Pre-Training Gait Objectives

 Prevention of Shortenings and Joints Restrictions

 Eliciting Voluntary Muscle Contraction

Gait Training Objectives

Conventional Gait Training

Evolution of Conventional Gait Training

Treadmill Gait Training

 Body-Weight Supported Treadmill Training

 Spinal Cord Injury

 Parkinson’s Disease

 Stroke

 General Parameters

Robot-Assisted Gait Training

Functional Electrical Stimulation Combined With Gait Training

Conclusion

References

Chapter 10 Strength Training Applied to Neurorehabilitation

Abstract

Introduction

Strength Training for Post-Stroke Rehabilitation

Muscle Strength Improvement

Functional and Quality of Life Improvements

Strength Training

Recommended Parameters

Strength Training for Parkinson’s Disease

Muscle Strength Improvement

Physical, Functional Performance and Quality of Life

Strength Training

Recommended Parameters

Strength Training for Multiple Sclerosis

Muscular Strength Improvement

Effects on Mobility

Effects on Fatigue

Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life

Recommended Parameters

Strength Training for Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation

Combined Training

Precautions and Contraindications

Conclusion

References

Chapter 11 Physical Exercise in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Abstract

Introduction

Strength Training

Principle of Specificity

Principles of Overload and Progression

Strength Training Parameters

Aerobic Training

Aerobic Exercises and Children with CP

Exercise Prescription

Types of Exercises for Children with CP

Pilates

What is Pilates?

Pilates Principles

Pilates and Pathologies

Pilates and Children with CP

Pilates Adaptations for Children with CP

Pilates Protocol of a Study Case [86]

Conclusion

References

Chapter 12 Motivation, Adherence and Dropout of Physical Exercise in Older Adults

Abstract

Introduction

Motivation

Adherence

Dropout

Conclusion

References

Chapter 13 Pelvic Floor Muscles: Evaluation and Rehabilitation

Abstract

Introduction

Anatomy

Assessment

Rehabilitation

PFM Training

Biofeedback

Vaginal Cones

Conclusion

References

Chapter 14 Effects of Physical Activity on Pelvic Floor Muscles Function in Pregnant Women

Abstract

Introduction

Pelvic Floor Evaluation during Pregnancy

Scientific Evidence of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in Pregnancy

Discussion about Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Protocols in Pregnancy

Conclusion

References

Index