GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS, THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME

GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS, THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 PRESENTING SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

COMMON SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN

COMMON SYMPTOMS IN ADULTS

Epileptic Seizures

Stroke-Like Symptoms

Ischemia-Related Symptoms

Hemorrhage-Related Symptoms

Increased Intracranial Pressure Symptoms: Headache, Nausea, and Vomiting

LESS COMMON SYMPTOMS IN ADULTS

Ophthalmological Symptoms

Psychiatric Symptoms

Cognitive Symptoms and Speech Disturbances

Movement Disturbances

Auditory and Vestibular Symptoms

RARE SYMPTOMS IN ADULTS

Symptoms Mimicking Infectious Diseases

Loss of Consciousness and Sudden Death

Peripheral Neuropathies

Other Rare Presenting Symptoms

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 DIAGNOSTIC AND INTRA-OPERATIVE IMAGING FOR GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHODS AND RESULTS

Routine Diagnostic MR Images

Advanced MR Imaging: Perfusion

DSC MR Perfusion

DCE MR Perfusion

ASL MR Perfusion

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)

Functional Imaging

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

Intraoperative MRI (ioMRI)

MRI for Monitoring of Treatment Response

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 3 HISTOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

HISTOLOGICAL VARIANTS

MOLECULAR VARIANTS

ADDITIONAL PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 4 SURGICAL RESECTION: TECHNIQUES, INTRA-OPERATIVE UPDATE, AND OUTCOME

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

Anatomy of Tumor and Brain

Biological Tumor Volume

Cerebral Function

METHODS AND RESULTS

Tumor Resection versus Stereotactic Biopsy

5-Aminolevulinic-Acid (5-ALA) Fluorescence-Guided Resection

Neuronavigation

Intra-Operative Imaging Update

Brain Mapping

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 5 ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHODS AND RESULTS

Alkylating Agents

Targeted Therapy

Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Tumor Treating Fields

Treatment of GBM in the Elderly

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 6 RADIATION AND RE-IRRADIATION FOR PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

Radiotherapy Volume

Radiotherapy Technique

Radiotherapy Dose

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Systemic Therapy in the Setting of Radiation

Special Considerations for Elderly Patients

Reirradiation for Recurrent Disease

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 7 DIET AND OTHER METABOLIC APPROACHES FOR PATIENTS WITH GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHODS AND RESULTS

Calorie Restriction and Ketogenic Diet

CANNABINOIDS

ANTI-CHOLESTEROL DRUGS

NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 8 REOPERATION FOR RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHODS AND RESULTS

Patient Selection and Surgical Benefits

Extent of Resection

Technical Considerations

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 9 CHEMOTHERAPY OPTIONS FOR PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

METHODS AND RESULTS

Alkylating Agents

TARGETED MOLECULAR THERAPIES

ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITORS

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 10 THE ROLE OF BIOMARKERS IN GLIOBLASTOMA DIAGNOSIS: WILL TISSUE DIAGNOSIS STILL BE NEEDED?

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

BIOMARKERS IN GLIOMAS

METHODS AND RESULTS

Detecting Biomarkers by Imaging

Detecting Biomarkers by Blood

DISCUSSION

Arguments Favoring Biomarkers Instead of Tissue Diagnosis

Arguments Favoring Tissue Diagnosis Instead of Biomarkers

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 11 IMMUNOTHERAPY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

Mechanisms of Immunotherapy in the Brain

CLINICAL APPROACHES

Surface Directed Immunotherapies

Adoptive Lymphocyte Transfer

Vaccines

Immune Checkpoint Blockade

DISCUSSION AND CHALLENGES

Trial Design

Tumor Biology

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

INDEX