Chapter
The in Salah and Weyburn Projects
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages and Disadvantages
Geological Storage Capacity for CO2 in the United States
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages and Disadvantages
THE DOE CARBON CAPTURE AND SEQUESTRATION PROGRAM
DOE CCS Research and Development Funding
Loan Guarantees and Tax Credits
Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships
CURRENT ISSUES AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
CARBON CAPTURE & STORAGE: TECHNOLOGICAL AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS
2. CAPTURE READY VS. CAPTURE CAPABLE
4. GEOLOGIC STORAGE OPTIONS
8. COST RECOVERY AND FINANCIAL RISK
9. PERMITTING CO2 PIPELINES
Resources Used for This Primer
UNDERGROUND CARBON DIOXIDE STORAGE: FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Why is CCS of Interest in the Debate over Global Warming?
What is a Geologic Formation and How Would it Sequester CO2?
Where Would Large Amounts of CO2 Likely Be Sequestered?
How Much CO2 Can Be Sequestered Underground?
Can the Sequestration Capacity Estimates for CO2 Be Confirmed?
How Is CO2 Injected Underground and How Deep Will it Be Sequestered?
Is CO2 Currently Stored Underground?
What Are the Regulations for Geological Sequestration of CO2?
WHAT COULD GO WRONG WITH SEQUESTERING CO2 UNDERGROUND?
Can CO2 Leak from Geologic Formations?
Can Injecting CO2 Underground Cause Earthquakes?
What Is at Risk if CO2 Leaks?
How Would Leaks Be Detected?
How Long Will CO2 Stay Underground?
What Happens to Reservoir Fluids Displaced by Injected CO2?
What Is the Status of U.S. Demonstration Projects for Underground CO2 Sequestration?
THE POTENTIAL FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN THE UNITED STATES
Types of Carbon Sequestration and Their Technological Potential
Economic Potential of Carbon Sequestration
Interactions among Various Climate-Change Strategies
Agricultural Land Management Practices
Technological Potential of Biological Sequestration
Economic Potential of Biological Sequestration
A Limitation of the Estimates of Economic Potential
CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND STORAGE
Economic Potential of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage
CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN THE CONTEXT OF BROAD STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING GREENHOUSE GASES
APPENDIX: THE ROLE OF BIOLOGICAL SEQUESTRATION AND CCS AT VARIOUS CO2 PRICES
REGULATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) SEQUESTRATION PIPELINES: JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES
Recent Carbon Control Activity
FERC and STB Pipeline Jurisdiction
Prior CO2 Pipeline Regulation: Cortez Pipeline
Potential Issues Related to ICC Jurisdiction
POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE POSSIBLE REGULATORY "GAP"
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) PIPELINES FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION: EMERGING POLICY ISSUES
Carbon Capture and Sequestration
Sequestration in Geological Formations
EXISTING U.S. CO2 PIPELINES
CO2 Pipeline Requirements for CCS
Federal Jurisdiction over CO2 Pipelines
Potential Issues Related to ICC Jurisdiction
Policy Implications for Rate Regulation
Commodity vs. Pollutant Classification
Cost Implications for Network Development
Criminal and Civil Liability
PIPELINES FOR CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) CONTROL: NETWORK NEEDS AND COST UNCERTAINTIESES
Scenarios for CO2 Pipeline Development
HYPOTHETICAL CO2 PIPELINES IN THE MIDWEST
Sequestration in the Rose Run Formation
Potential Barriers to Rose Run Sequestration
Alternatives to CO2 Sequestration in Rose Run
Oil and Natural Gas Fields
Variability of CO2 Pipeline Costs
CO2 Pipeline Siting Challenges
Pipeline and Sequestration Site Relationships
Advantaged and Disadvantaged Regions
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION DRIVERS: POPULATION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH, AND ENERGY USE
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION VARIABLES
SECTORIAL BREAKDOWN OF GHG EMISSIONS
Energy Use as a CO2 Intensity Driver
Carbon Intensity of Electricity Generation
Carbon Intensity of Travel
Effects of Land Use on Intensity
Interactions of the Variables
CHANGES IN INTENSITY TO MEET CLIMATE STABILIZATION GOALS
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Intensity: Trends and Targets
Global Greenhouse Gas Intensity
ENERGY SAVINGS ACT OF 2007 (S. 1321): SUMMARY OF MAJOR PROVISIONS
TITLE I. BIOFUELS FOR ENERGY SECURITY AND TRANSPORTATION
TITLE II. ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROMOTION
TITLE III. CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION