HYPERTENSION, HEREDITY AND STROKE

HYPERTENSION, HEREDITY AND STROKE

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1 Genetics of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Abstract

Abbreviations

Introduction

Risk Factors for ICH

Genetic Risk Factors

Family History as a Risk Factor for ICH

Specific Genetic Pathways

Genes Associated with CAA

Amyloid Precursor Gene

Cystatin C Gene

BRI Gene

Presenilin 1 and 2 Genes

Sporadic CAA

Apolipoprotein E

Genes Associated with Hemostasis

Association Studies

Factor XIII

Factor V and Factor II

Factor VII

Platelet-activating Factor

β1-Tubulin

Other Genetic Pathways

Genetics of Vascular Malformations

Hereditary Syndrome Featuring AVMs

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

Cerebral Cavernous Hemangiomas

Practical Implications

References

Chapter 2 Primary Arterial Hypertension in Obese Children as a Risk Factor of the Development of Premature Atherosclerosis

Abstract

Introduction

Diagnosis of Obesity and Arterial Hypertension in Children

The Course of Arterial Hypertension Pathogenesis in Obesity

The Role of the Autonomous Nervous System in HT Development in Obese Patients

The RAAS System in Obese and HT Patients

The Role of Hyperinsulinism and Insulin Resistance in HT Development

Adipocytokines and Their Role in HT Combined with Obesity Development

Pathogenic Relations of Atherosclerosis and Arterial Hypertension

Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents

References

Chapter 3 On the Existing Relationships between the Physical Activity, Tobacco Consumption, Body Composition and Socioeconomic Status as a Function of the Blood Pressure smong Spanish Adolescents

Abstract

Introduction

Material and Methods

Results

Physical Activity

Body Fat Level

Tobacco Consumption

Blood Pressure

Discusion and Conclusion

References

Chapter 4 Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Children with Glomerular Kidney Disease

Abstract

Introduction

Patients and Methods

Results

Discussion

References

Chapter 5 Surgical Palliative Options for Patients with Hypoplastic Left Heart

Abstract

Introduction

References

Chapter 6 Influence of Heart Rate on Development of Stroke among Patients at Risk for Cerebrovascular Disease

Abstract

Introduction

Patients and Methods

Results

Discussion

References

Chapter 7 Standards and Pitfalls Regarding the SHR Model in Genetic Hypertension and Stroke

1. Introduction

2. The Stroke Model

3. Sex Differences in Experimental Stroke

4. Age-Related Vulnerability

5. Distal MCA Patterns

6. Substrain Differences

7. Congenic Removal of a QTL for Blood Pressure

8. Cerebral Blood Flow

9. Reperfusion Injury

10. Statistical Power

Conclusions

References

Chapter 8 Hypertensive Children Have Lower Bone Mass than Normotensive Children

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Study Cohort and Subject Description

Protocol Design

Outpatient Screening Visit

Inpatient Visit

Detailed Methodologies

Weight, Height and Anthropometry

Bone Mineral Content and Body Composition

Resting Blood Pressure

Statistical Analysis

Results

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 9 Hypertension and Obesity

Abstract

Introduction

Obesity and Hypertension

How Obesity Induces Hypertension?

Definitions of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents

Treatment of Hypertension in Obese Adolescents

Pharmacologic Therapy for Obese Hypertensive Adolescents

Conclusions

References

Chapter 10 Arterial Hypertension in Children after the Surgical Repair of Aortic Coarctation

Abstract

Introduction

Study Aim

Study Population and Design

Results

Discussion

Conclusion

References

Chapter 11 Problems of Methodology and Interpretation of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Children

Abstract

Introduction

Discusion

Conclusion

References

Chapter 12 Genetic Studies in Pediatric Stroke

Abstract

Introduction

Pediatric Stroke Phenotypes

Monogenic Disorders Causing Stroke and Susceptibility Genes for Stroke

Future Directions

Conclusion

References

Index

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