Chapter
How Can an Intelligence Interviewing Professional Create an Environment for Persuading a High-Value Detainee to Provide Information?
How Might the Custodial Environment Aid Efforts at Persuasion?
How Can a Team Identify Persuasive Arguments?
How Have Intelligence Interviewing Professionals Put These Ideas into Practice?
Will These Ideas always Work?
Master Intelligence Interviewing Professionals Are Persuasive, Flexible, and Use a Dynamic Approach
Understanding Core Concerns Enhances Persuasion
The Custodial Environment Is Important
Use Persuasion Thoughtfully and Wisely
Areas of Operational Interest That Merit Further Research
Who Has What Kinds of Power in Intelligence Interviewing?
Behavioral Science Perspectives
The Nature of Power Is Complex
What Are the Primary Sources of Power?
What about Control as a Source of Power?
How Can the High-Value Detainee and the Intelligence Interviewing Team Use Information Power?
Intelligence Interviewing Team
How Can the High-Value Detainee and the Intelligence Interviewing Team Use Relationship Power?
Intelligence Interviewing Team
How Can the High-Value Detainee and the Intelligence Interviewing Team Use Fallback Power?
Intelligence Interviewing Team
THE IMMINENT CATASTROPHE SCENARIO: “WHAT ABOUT THE TICKING ......?”
How Can the High-Value Detainee and the Intelligence Interviewing Team Use the Power of Incentives and Disincentives?
Intelligence Interviewing Team
An Example of Combining Sources of Power
Power Relationships May Change
What about Increasing Anxiety and Fear as a Source of Power?
Keep Assessing the Sources of Power for Both Parties
Areas of Potential Operational Interest That Merit Further Research
What Might an Intelligence Interviewing Team Want to Understand about Interests and Identities?
Behavioral Science Perspectives
What Exactly Are “Interests” and Why Are They Important?
How Might an Intelligence Interviewing Team Learn the High-Value Detainee‟s “Real” Interests?
How Might the High-Value Detainee‟s Likes and Dislikes Reveal His True Interests?
What Is the Function of “Social Identities”?
How Can the Team Take Advantage of Cross-Cutting Identities?
What Is the Relevance of Understanding Interests and Social Identities to Meeting “Intelligence Requirements”?
Understand the Interests and Social Identities of Members of the Team
Look Underneath What the Detainee Says He Wants
Seek to Understand All the Detainee‟s Interests and Identities
Explore Topics beyond the Intelligence Requirements
Areas of Potential Operational Interest that Merit Further Research
What Is the Role of Stress in an Intelligence Interview?
Behavioral Science Perspectives
What Does Research Tell Us about Stress in Interrogations?
How Might a High-Value Detainee Experience Stress during Capture and Interviews?
Does “Capture Shock” Cause High-Value Detainees to Reveal Information?
How Can an Intelligence Interviewing Professional Use Various Sources of Stress?
How Does Stress Affect a High-Value Detainee‟s Ability to Answer Questions?
What Happens When Stress Is Decreased for a High-Value Detainee?
How Does Stress Affect Intelligence Interviewing Professionals and Teams?
“Stress” Has Many Dimensions
Consider and Plan for Stress-Related Issues Prior to an Interview
Understand the Stress That Affects the Intelligence Interviewing Team
Areas of Potential Operational Interest That Merit Further Research
What Might an Intelligence Interviewing Team Wish to Know about Resistances2*?
Behavioral Science Perspectives
How Can an Intelligence Interviewing Team View the Multiple Dimensions of “Resistances”?
How Might an Intelligence Interviewing Team Analyze a High-Value Detainee‟s Resistances?
What Strategies Might Help an Intelligence Interviewing Team to Deal with Resistances?
What Strategies Might Move the High-Value Detainee toward Providing Information?
“Not Answering” May or May Not Be Resistance
“Resistance” Is Not a Unitary Concept
Seek Ways to Avoid or Deal with Resistances Rather than “Eliminate” Them
Areas of Potential Operational Interest That Merit Further Research
What Is the Role of Memory in the Intelligence Interviewing Process?
Behavioral Science Perspectives
Forgetting: How Does the Passage of Time Affect Memory? Do Some Memories Last Longer than Others? If so, Why?
How Might Interviewing Tactics Enhance Accurate Recall? What Skills Are Effective? How Might One Know when to Use Them, and with Whom?
Framing and Suggestibility
How Can the Intelligence Interviewer‟s Plans for the Interview and the Way He Asks Questions Influence a Detainee‟s Ability to Recall Information Accurately?
How Might Stress Affect a High-Value Detainee‟s Ability to Recall Information?
THE EFFECTS OF HIGHLY STRESSFUL SITUATIONS ON MEMORY
Changes in Detail Do Not Necessarily Imply Deception
High-Value Detainees‟ Stories and Level of Detail Will Vary
Questions Might Minimize Leading Information
Cognitive Interviews Can Improve Recall
Areas of Potential Operational Interest That Merit Further Research
Chapter 3 SECTION II. CASE STUDIES AND TEACHING NOTES
Case Studies and Teaching Notes
FOURTEEN DAYS IN NAIROBI: THE INTERROGATION OF MOHAMMED RASHEED DAOUD AL-„OWHALI
The Nairobi Embassy Bombing
The Man Who Didn‟t Fit in
Interview and Investigation
Understanding the Context of the Interviews
Al-„Owhali‟s Story: From Radicalization to Action
Al-'Owhali‟s Timeline of the Nairobi Attacks
The “Tone” of the Intelligence Interviews
The Revelation of Actionable Intelligence
Prosecution and Aftermath
APPENDIX: THE NAIROBI EMBASSY BOMBING
MOHAMMED RASHEED DAOUD AL-„OWHALI: CASE STUDY WITH TEACHING NOTES
FOURTEEN DAYS IN NAIROBI: THE INTERROGATION OF MOHAMMED RASHEED DAOUD AL-„OWHALI
The Nairobi Embassy Bombing
The Man Who Didn‟t Fit in
Interview and Investigation
Understanding the Context of the Interviews
Al-„Owhali‟s Story: from Radicalization to Action
Al-'Owhali‟s Timeline of the Nairobi Attacks
The “Tone” of the Intelligence Interviews
The Revelation of Actionable Intelligence
Prosecution and Aftermath
Questions for Consideration:
THE MAN IN THE SNOW WHITE CELL
Counter-Interrogation Strategy
Impact of the Paris Accord
Reflections (by Merle Pribbenow)
NGUYEN TAI: CASE STUDY WITH TEACHING NOTES
THE MAN IN THE SNOW WHITE CELL
Counter-Interrogation Strategy
Impact of the Paris Accord
Reflections (by Merle Pribbenow)
A section of Frank Snepp‟s memoir, Decent Interval, reads as follows:
Questions for Consideration:
Intelligence Interviewing: Teaching Papers and Case Studies (with accompanying CD-ROM: "Report on Educing Information")
( Intelligence and Counterintelligence Studies )
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