The Court of Justice of the European Union

Copyright

Contents

1 Introduction

1 Introduction and Overview

2 Competence, Conferral and the Principle of Subsidiarity

3 Anchoring Subsidiarity and the CJEU

4 Case Selection

5 Conclusion

2 Subsidiarity and Proportionality and the Balance of Power between the EU and the Member States

1 Introduction

2 Subsidiarity as a Legal Principle and Rule

2.1 The Adoption of Subsidiarity as a Legal and Constitutional Principle by the EU to Limit Unnecessary eu Intervention

3 Proportionality as a Widely Recognised Concept Used as a Test in Judicial Review

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Proportionality as a Widely Recognised Concept Used as a Test in Judicial Review

3.3 Differing Interpretations of the Operationalization of Proportionality

3.4 Differing Levels of Intensity of Judicial Review by the CJEU of National Restrictions

4 Subsidiarity and Proportionality in eu Law-Making in Shared Areas of Competence

4.1 A Conceptual Link between Conferral, Subsidiarity and Proportionality

4.2 Subsidiarity Alongside Proportionality in EU Law-Making in Shared Areas of Competence

5 EU Subsidiarity and Essentially Contested Concepts?

6 Subsidiarity and the Introduction of the Yellow Card Procedure Following the Treaty of Lisbon

7 Conclusion

3 Subsidiarity and Proportionality and the Role of the CJEU in Relation to Interpretation of Shared Competence

1 Introduction

2 Introducing the CJEU: A Unique Supranational Court

3 The Pro-union Interpretative Tendency of the cjeu

4 Subsidiarity and Judicial Review by the CJEU of Political Institutions

5 Operationalising Subsidiarity and Proportionality Applied to Competences as Tool of Judicial Review

6 Operationalising Subsidiarity in the Context of the Common Market

7 Engaging the CJEU More Meaningfully with Subsidiarity in Its Legal Reasoning Outside of Judicial Review

8 Conclusion

4 The CJEU, Subsidiarity and Determining the Residency Rights of EU Citizens

1 Introduction

2 Theoretical Perspectives - The Concept of Citizenship and Its Link to Political Identity

2.1 Introduction

2.2 The Concept of Citizenship and Its Link to Political Identity Which in an eu Context

2.3 The Limits of EU Citizenship

2.4 The Problems of Differing Levels of Protection from Expulsion for Different Categories of EU Citizens

2.5 Conclusion

3 Directive 2004/38 and the Distinction between Economically Active and Non-economically Active eu Citizens

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The Introduction of EU Citizenship Provisions Following the Treaty of Maastricht

3.3 The Strengthening of Residence Rights in Directive 2004/38

3.4 The CJEU, the Fundamental Status of EU Citizenship and Residency Rights of eu Citizens

3.5 The Reaffirming and Strengthening of the Residence Rights Attaching to EU Citizens by the Treaty of Lisbon in Light of the Charter of Fundamental Rights

4 The Failure of the cjeu to Undertake a Subsidiarity and a Proportionality Review by the CJEU When Determining the Residency Rights of EU Citizens

5 Conclusion

5 Subsidiarity and Proportionality Review by the CJEU

1 Introduction

2 The Shift in the Case Law of the CJEU from Discrimination to the Fundamental Status of Citizenship

3 Operationalising a Subsidiarity and Proportionality Review

4 The CJEU and More Meaningful Engagement with Subsidiarity in Its Judicial Reasoning

5 Conclusion

6 Conclusion

Appendices

Appendix 1 Table of Treaties, Instruments and Legislation

Appendix 2 Table of Cases

Bibliography

Index