Author： Angerer L.M. Angerer R.C.
Publisher： Academic Press
ISSN： 1084-9521
Source： Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol.10, Iss.3, 1999-06, pp. : 327-334
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Abstract
Differentiation of sea urchin embryo ectoderm, endoderm and mesenchyme cells, whose anlagen are arrayed along the animal*b1vegetal axis, relies on both maternally regulated localized transcription factor activities and cell*b1cell signalling. Classic models proposed that fates are determined by opposing animal and vegetal morphogenetic gradients, whereas current models emphasize unidirectional and sequential vegetal-to-animal signalling cascades between adjacent blastomeres. Recent data support aspects of both models: the vegetal micromeres send one or more signals, which depend on a nuclear *gb-catenin-dependent pathway, that both activate Notch signalling required for secondary mesenchyme fate and promote endoderm differentation and gastrulation. This is opposed by an animalizing domain of BMP4 signals that regulates ectodermal cell fates and establishes the ectoderm*b1endoderm border.
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