Contents

Section Editors

Contributors

Dedication

Preface

I. History

1 The History of Pneumococcal Disease

2 History of Pneumococcal Immunization

II. Biological Basis

3 Genetics, Biosynthesis, and Chemistry of Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides

4 Animal Models of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease

5 Animal Models of Pneumococcal Colonization

6 The Immunobiology of Polysaccharide and Conjugate Vaccines

7 Interactions of Streptococcus pneumoniae with Complement Proteins

III. Clinical Disease and Epidemiology

8 Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Serious Pneumococcal Infections in Children

9 Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Adults: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Therapy

10 Pneumococcal Serotype Epidemiology

IV. Manufacturing and Product Release Issues

11 Conjugation Chemistry

12 Pneumococcal Vaccines: Manufacture and Quality Control for Product Release

13 Licensing of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines for Children and Adults: Regulatory Perspective from the European Medicines Agency and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration

V. Immunogenicity

14 Quantitation of Anti-Pneumococcal Capsular Antibody in Ligand-Binding Assays

15 Functional Assays for Pneumococcal Antibody

16 Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in Infants and Children

17 Immunogenicity and Safety in Adults

18 Immunogenicity in High-Risk and Immunocompromised Children and Adults

VI. Efficacy and Safety

19 Nasopharyngeal Carriage

20 Acute Otitis Media and Its Sequelae

21 Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Conjugate Vaccines against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease

22 Efficacy and Safety of Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine in the Prevention of Pneumonia

23 Establishing Immune Correlates of Protection

VII. Public Health Impact

24 Direct and Indirect Effectiveness and Safety of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Practice

25 Impact of Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine on Antibiotic Resistance

26 Pharmacoeconomics of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines

27 Opportunities and Challenges for Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

VIII. Where Next

28 Protein Vaccines

Conclusions

Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W