Chapter
Structure-Function Relationships in Two-Component System Domains
Role of the BvgAS Two-Component System in Toxin Regulation
Two-Component Systems: Achilles' Heel of Bacterial Pathogens?
Chapter 2. Regulation of Bacterial Toxin Synthesis by Iron
Diphtheria Toxin Regulation
Chapter 3. AraC Family Regulators and Transcriptional Control of Bacterial Virulence Determinants
Definition of An AraC Family Member
Structure and Function Aspects of the Family
Structural Analysis of the AraC Family
Ligand-Independent Expression
Light Switch Mechanism for the Action of AraC
Regulation of Virulence Determinant by Selected Members of the AraC Family
Chapter 4. Quorum Sensing
Acyl-Homoserine Lactone-Based Quorum Sensing
P. Aeruginosa Quorum Sensing
A New Player in the Cell-to-Cell Signaling Game
Section II. Toxin Biogenesis: Crossing Bacterial Membrane Barriers
Chapter 5. The Type I Export Mechanism
Diverse Substrates for Type I Export
A C-Terminal Signal Targets Substrates to the Export Apparatus
The Membrane Components Directing Type I Export and also Multidrug Efflux
The Mechanism of the Type I Export
Chapter 6. Toxins and Type II Secretion Systems
Distribution of the Type II Secretion Pathway
Two-Step Secretion Process
Type II Secretion Apparatus
The Eps Complex is Restricted to the Pole of V. Chlorae
Targeting of the Eps Apparatus to the Pole
Chapter 7. Type III Secretion Systems
Recognition of Exported Proteins
Type III Secretion Chaperones
Translocation of Proteins Across the Eukaryotic Membrane
The Type III Secretion Machinery
Chapter 8. Type IV Secretion Systems
The Ancestral Type IV Transporter: Bacterial Conjugation Machinery
Members of the Type IV Transporter Family
Structure of Type IV Transporters
Type IV Systems of Pathogenic Bacteria
Section III. Toxin Delivery Into Eukaryotic Cells
Chapter 9. Receptors for Bacterial Toxins
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Exotoxin A Receptor
Diphtheria Toxin Receptor
Chapter 10. Direct Penetration of Bacterial Toxins across the Plasma Membrane
Initial Interaction Between AC Toxin and Target Cells
Biophysical Basis for Translocation of the Catalytic Domain
Chapter 11. Transport of Toxins across Intracellular Membranes
Entry Into the Cytosol Requires Endocytosis of the Toxins
Endocytic Mechanisms Involved in Toxin Entry
Translocation of Toxins from Endosomes to the Cytosol
Sorting of Toxins to the Golgi Apparatus
Retrograde Toxin Transport to the ER
Transport of Protein Toxins Across the ER Membrane
Translocation of Immunotoxins Into Cells
Toxins as Vectors to Bring Peptides or Proteins Into the Cytosol
Chapter 12. Transcytosis of Bacterial Toxins across Mucosal Barriers
Transcytosis of IgA and IgG: The Classical Pathways
Transcytosis of Bacterial Protein Toxins: The "Indirect Pathway"
Chapter 13. Membrane-Damaging Toxins: Pore Formation
Why is it Useful for Bacteria to Produce PFTs?
General Mode of Action of PFTs
Chapter 14. Membrane-Damaging Toxins: Family of RTX Toxins
General Introduction to RTX Toxins
Genetic Organization and Expression of RTX
Functional Domains in RTX Toxins
RTX Interactions with Target Cells Leading to Membrane Damage
Low Doses of RTX Toxins Affect Intracellular Signal Transduction Pathways
Role of RTX Toxins in Disease
Chapter 15. Bacterial Toxins that Covalently Modify Eukaryotic Proteins by ADP-Ribosylation
Biological Activities of Several Well-Characterized ADP-Ribosylating Toxins
Physical Organization of Bacterial ADP-Ribosylating Exotoxins
Targets of the ADP-Ribosylation Reaction
Conservation of the Active Site of ADP-Ribosylating Toxins
The ADP-Ribosylation Reaction Mechanism
ADP-Ribosylating Toxins are Synthesized as Proenzymes
ADP-Ribosylating Toxins as Tools to Probe Host Cell Physiology
Other Proteins that Catalyze the ADP-Ribosylation Reaction
Measuring the In Vivo ADP-Ribosylation of Eukaryotic Proteins
Chapter 16. Glucosylating and Deamidating Bacterial Protein Toxins
Large Clostridial Cytotoxins, A Family of Glucosylating Toxins
Methods to Study Glucosylation of RHO GTPases by Large Clostridial Cytotoxins
Deamidation and Transglutamination of RHO GTPases by Bacterial Toxin
Assays to Study the Effects of RHO-Activating Toxins
Chapter 17. Plant and Bacterial Toxins as RNA N-Glycosidases
Enzymatic Activities of the RIPs
Types of RIPs and Their General Structures
Potential Uses of RIPs in Medicine
Chapter 18. Cytolethal Distending Toxin
Genetics of CDT Production
Biological Activity of CDT
Tetanus and Botulinum Neurotoxins
The Anthrax Lethal Factor
Chapter 20. Bacterial Toxins that Modulate Rho GTPase Activity
Regulation and Function of Rho GTPases
Chapter 21. Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Superantigens
Family of Staphylococcal and Streptococcal SAgs
Structural Immunobiology of SAgs
Functional Immunobiology of SAgs
Illnesses Caused by or Associated with SAgs
Why are SAgs Made by Staphylococci and Streptococci?
Section V. Bacterial Toxins: Friends and Foes
Chapter 22. Toxins as Vaccines and Adjuvants
Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids
Pertussis Toxin and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines
Mutants of LT and Cholera Toxin for Mucosal Delivery of Vaccines
Chapter 23. Nefarious Uses of Bacterial Toxins
Use of Bacterial Toxins in Biological Warfare
Use of Biological Weapons by Individuals or Groups of Individuals
Bacterial Protein Toxins
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