Front Cover

Beyond the Bones

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

List of Contributors

Foreword

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction

2 Fifty Shades of Gray Literature: Deconstructing “High” Infant Mortality With New Data Sets in Historic Cemetery Populations

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Materials and Methods

2.3 Results

2.3.1 General Infant Mortality

2.3.2 Age-Specific Infant Mortality

2.3.3 Region-Specific Infant Mortality

2.4 Discussion

2.5 Conclusions

References

3 Direct Digital Radiographic Imaging of Archaeological Skeletal Assemblages: An Advantageous Technique and the Use of the ...

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Osteological Database

3.3 Digital Photographic Images

3.4 Direct Digital Radiography

3.5 Computed Tomography

3.6 3D Modeling

3.7 Discussion

References

4 “Readmitted Under Urgent Circumstance”: Uniting Archives and Bioarchaeology at the Royal London Hospital

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Royal London Hospital

4.2.1 Dataset Challenges: Age Estimation

4.2.2 Dataset Challenges: Human Error and Representation in Documentary Sources

4.2.3 Diagnostic Labels: A Paean for Fractures as a Connection to the Past

4.3 Materials and Methods: Records and Remains

4.3.1 Hospital Admission Records

4.3.2 Human Skeletal Remains

4.4 Results

4.5 Discussion

4.6 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

5 Reading Between the Lines: Disparate Data and Castration Studies

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Establishing the Origin, Spread, and Historical Presence of Castration

5.3 Establishing the Physical Effects of Castration

5.3.1 Historical Accounts of the Effects of Castration

5.3.2 Modern Clinical and Anthropological Accounts of the Effects of Castration

5.4 Detecting Castrates Within Archaeological Populations

5.5 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

6 Hunting for Pathogens: Ancient DNA and the Historical Record

6.1 Exploring Disease in Imperial Roman Necropoleis

6.2 Characterizing Ancient Pathogens

6.2.1 Ancient DNA and Pathogen Detection

6.2.2 Metagenomic Pathogen Screening From the Necropoleis

6.2.3 Integrating Metagenomic Data With the Historical Record

6.2.3.1 Literary Texts and Disease-Associated Pathogens

6.2.3.2 Archaeological Data and the Disease-Scape

6.3 Multifaceted Evaluation of Disease-Associated Pathogens

6.4 Toward Interdisciplinary Ancient DNA and Pathogen Investigation Strategies

References

7 The Use of Linguistic Data in Bioarchaeological Research: An Example From the American Southwest

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Previous Research

7.2 Methods

7.3 Results

7.4 Discussion and Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

8 The Present Informs the Past: Incorporating Modern Clinical Data Into Paleopathological Analyses of Metabolic Bone Disease

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Negotiating Medicine and Anthropology Within Paleopathology

8.3 Uses of Clinical Data: Paleopathological Analyses of Metabolic Bone Disease

8.4 Clinical Data and Paleopathology: Areas of Disconnect

8.5 Diagnosing Metabolic Disease in the Past

8.6 Integrating Clinical and Anthropological Perspectives

References

9 Uniting Perception and Reality in Human Nutrition: Integration of Qualitative and Quantitative Data to Understand Consumption

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Studying Food and Nutrition

9.3 Using a Mixed Methods Approach

9.4 The Case Study: Materials and Methods

9.5 Overview of Results and Discussion

9.6 Challenges and Limitations

9.7 Epistemological Questions in Mixed Methods: Validity and Reliability

9.8 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

10 Conclusions and Future Directions: Converging Disparate Approaches in a New Biological Anthropology

References

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