Chapter
1.2 BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE
1.4 A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON INFORMATION POVERTY AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES
1.5 THE MACRO, MESO AND MICRO FRAMEWORK
1.6 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY: LIBRARIES NI AS THE CASE STUDY
1.6.1 Stage 1 Data Collection Methods: Macro Level
1.6.2 Stage 2: Meso-Level Questionnaire and Interviews
1.6.3 Stage 3: Focus Groups (Micro Level)
1.7 STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK
2.2 HISTORICAL CONTEXT: PUBLIC LIBRARIES AND SOCIAL INCLUSION
2.3 POVERTY IN NORTHERN IRELAND
2.4 THE DEPARTMENT FOR CULTURE, ARTS AND LEISURE AND LIBRARIES NI
2.5 LIBRARY USAGE IN NORTHERN IRELAND
2.6 LIBRARY USAGE IN SOCIALLY DEPRIVED AREAS
3 - Developing an Understanding of What Information Poverty Is
3.2 CONCEPTUALISING ‘INFORMATION’
3.2.1 The Importance of Information
3.3 POVERTY AND INFORMATION POVERTY
3.4 ORIGINS OF THE CONCEPTS OF ‘INFORMATION POVERTY’ AND THE ‘INFORMATION POOR’
3.5 INFORMATION POVERTY AND THE INFORMATION POOR IN THE LIS DISCOURSE
3.6 INFORMATION POVERTY: PERSPECTIVES FROM POLICY MAKERS AND LIBRARY STAFF
3.7 INFORMATION POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION
3.8 UNITED KINGDOM GOVERNMENT: ACCESS TO INFORMATION AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES
4 - Factors Creating Information Poverty
4.2 FACTORS CREATING INFORMATION POVERTY
4.3 PHYSICAL ACCESS TO INFORMATION: INFRASTRUCTURAL APPROACHES
4.4 SOCIAL FACTORS CREATING INFORMATION POVERTY
4.5 AWARENESS OF INFORMATION
4.6 FINANCIAL FACTORS CREATING INFORMATION POVERTY
4.7 EDUCATIONAL FACTORS CREATING INFORMATION POVERTY
4.8 THE SKILLS NEEDED TO ACCESS INFORMATION
4.9 BARRIERS TO LIBRARY USAGE
4.10 PERSONAL FACTORS CREATING INFORMATION POVERTY
4.11 INTELLECTUAL AND COGNITIVE FACTORS CREATING INFORMATION POVERTY
4.12 VIEWING INFORMATION POVERTY AS A CONTINUUM
4.13 INFORMATION POVERTY INDICATORS
4.14 INFORMATION POVERTY INDICATORS AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES
4.15 MEASURING THE IMPACT OF PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES
4.16 A THREE-LEVEL MODEL OF INFORMATION POVERTY
5 - Investigating Information Poverty at the Macro Level: Part 1
5.2 MACRO-LEVEL APPROACHES TO INFORMATION POVERTY
5.3 DIGITAL INCLUSION: THE DIGITAL BY DEFAULT AGENDA
5.3.1 Digital by Default and Public Libraries
5.3.2 Public Libraries and Supporting Digital Inclusion
5.4 NORTHERN IRELAND HOME ICT AND INTERNET ACCESS
5.5 ACCESS TO INFORMATION: INFRASTRUCTURE
5.5.1 Access to Information: Strategic Partnerships for Digital and Social Inclusion
5.5.2 Strategic Partnerships to Address Information Poverty
5.6 TACKLING POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION: THE TSE STRATEGY
5.7 STAFF SKILLS TO TACKLE SOCIAL AND DIGITAL EXCLUSION
6 - Information Poverty at the Macro Level: Part 2
6.2 LIFELONG LEARNING AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES
6.3 SUPPORTING LEARNING: DEVELOPING LITERACY SKILLS
6.3.1 Literacy Levels in Northern Ireland
6.3.2 Literacy, Developing Readers and Supporting Families
6.3.3 Supporting Literacy: The Role of Public Library Staff
6.4 PUBLIC LIBRARIES AND CULTURAL INCLUSION
6.5 INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES
6.5.1 Information Literacy: Perspectives From Macro-Level Interviewees
6.6.1 Developing Digital Literacy Skills
6.6.2 Developing Digital Literacy Skills: Examples From Northern Ireland
6.7 MAPPING THE INFORMATION POVERTY INDICATORS FRAMEWORK TO LIBRARIES NI’S INFORMATION PROVISION AND SERVICES
6.8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
7 - Investigating Information Poverty at the Meso Level: Part 1
7.2 LOCALISED INFORMATION ENVIRONMENTS
7.3 INFORMATION SEEKING WITHIN DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES
7.4 CHATMAN’S INFORMATION POVERTY THEORIES
7.5 CHATMAN’S SMALL-WORLD THEORIES AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES
7.7 STRONG TIES/WEAK TIES THEORY AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES
7.8 PUBLIC LIBRARIES AS THIRD PLACES SUPPORTING INFORMATION SHARING
7.9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
8 - Investigating Information Poverty at the Meso Level: Part 2
8.2 CHALLENGES FACING LIBRARY MANAGERS IN SOCIALLY DEPRIVED AREAS
8.3 COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS
8.4 GROUPS THAT PUBLIC LIBRARIES COULD TARGET MORE EFFECTIVELY
8.5 LIBRARY SERVICES AND THE ELDERLY
8.6 LIBRARY SERVICES TO THE DISABLED
8.7 OUTREACH TO THE HOMELESS
8.8 ENGAGEMENT WITH LONE PARENTS
8.9 IMPROVING COMMUNITY OUTREACH
9 - Investigating Information Poverty at the Micro Level
9.2 PUBLIC LIBRARIES AND THE UNEMPLOYED
9.3 FOCUS GROUP 1: YOUNG PEOPLE AGED 18–24YEARS (NEET)
9.3.1 Resources and Support at the Community Centre
9.3.2 ICT/Internet Access and Skills and Qualifications
9.3.3 Use of the Local Library
9.3.5 Making Public Libraries More Appealing to Young People
9.3.6 Extracting Information Poverty Indicators From the Community Centre Focus Group 1
9.3.7 Focus Group 1: Key Findings
9.4 JOB CLUBS IN LIBRARIES
9.5 FOCUS GROUP 2: THE LIBRARY JOB CLUB
9.5.2 Benefits of the Library Job Club
9.5.3 Extracting Information Poverty Indicators From the Library Job Club Focus Group
9.5.4 Focus Group 2: Key Findings
9.6 LEARNING FROM OTHER LOCATIONS
9.7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
10 - Concluding Thoughts and Recommendations
10.3 FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR PUBLIC LIBRARIES
10.4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POLICY AND PRACTICE
10.4.1 Recommendation 1: Develop an Information Poverty Strategy
10.4.2 Recommendation 2: Develop and Implement a Community Engagement Strategy
10.4.3 Recommendation 3: Further Develop the Educational Role of Public Libraries
10.4.4 Recommendation 4: Further Develop the Social Role of Public Libraries
10.4.5 Recommendation 5: Raising Awareness and Marketing
10.4.6 Recommendation 6: Identifying and Targeting Groups
10.4.7 Recommendation 7: Developing Services for the Unemployed
10.4.8 Recommendation 8: Improving Stock
10.4.9 Recommendation 9: Library Staff
APPENDIX 1: MACRO- AND MESO-LEVEL INTERVIEWEES
APPENDIX 2: SURVEY QUESTIONS
APPENDIX 3: INFORMATION POVERTY INDICATORS FROM THE MACRO-LEVEL DATA
APPENDIX 4: THE 20 MOST CITED INDICATORS OF INFORMATION POVERTY IN THE LITERATURE
Overcoming Information Poverty
：Investigating the Role of Public Libraries in The Twenty-First Century
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