Institutional Inequality and the Mobilization of the Family and Medical Leave Act :Rights on Leave ( Cambridge Studies in Law and Society )

Publication subTitle :Rights on Leave

Publication series :Cambridge Studies in Law and Society

Author: Catherine R. Albiston;  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2010

E-ISBN: 9781316977705

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521878975

P-ISBN(Hardback):  9780521878975

Subject: D9 Law

Keyword: 法律

Language: ENG

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Description

This study examines how institutions and social practices transform the meaning of Family and Medical Leave Act rights to recreate power and inequality systems. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from social constructivism and new institutionalism, this study explains how institutions transform Family and Medical Leave Act rights to recreate systems of power and inequality but at the same time also provide opportunities for law to change social structure. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from social constructivism and new institutionalism, this study explains how institutions transform Family and Medical Leave Act rights to recreate systems of power and inequality but at the same time also provide opportunities for law to change social structure. How do Family and Medical Leave Act rights operate in practice in the courts and in the workplace? This empirical study examines how institutions and social practices transform the meaning of these rights to recreate inequality. Workplace rules and norms built around the family wage ideal, the assumption that disability and work are mutually exclusive, and management's historical control over time all constrain opportunities for social change. Yet workers can also mobilize rights as a cultural discourse to change the social meaning of family and medical leave. Drawing on theoretical frameworks from social constructivism and new institutionalism, this study explains how institutions transform rights to recreate systems of power and inequality but at the same time also provide opportunities for law to change social structure. It provides a fresh look at the perennial debate about law and social change by examining how institutions shape the process of rights mobilization. 1. Institutions, inequality, and the mobilization of rights; 2. The social institution of work; 3. Institutional inequality and legal reform; 4. Mobilizing the FMLA in the workplace: rights, institutions, and social meaning; 5. Mobilizing rights in the courts: the paradox of losing by winning; 6. Conclusion. "This pathbreaking study offers new and compelling insights into the ways that workplaces institutionalize gender inequality and the capacity and constraints of legal rights in challenging social injustice."

Deborah L. Rhode
Director, Center on the Legal Profession
E.W. McFarland Professor of Law
Stanford Law School


"Do legal rights produce social change? Albiston gives a more nuanced answer than a simple yes or no, making this book required reading not only for anyone interested in gender and work-family policy, but also for those focused on social inequality, jurisprudence, legal history and organizational change."

Joan C. Williams
Distinguished Professor of Law, 1066 Foundation Chair and Director, Center for WorkLife Law
University of California, Hastings College of the Law


Chapter

The Institutional Context of Rights Mobilization

2 The Social Institution of Work

Work as a Social Institution

Inequality and the Characteristics of the Social Institution of Work

A Genealogy of the Institution of Work: Modernity and Transformation

The Reorganization of Production

The Legal Construction of Time Standards and Employer Control

Institutionalizing Inequality

Gender

Disability

The Social Meaning of Work, Gender, and Disability

Institutional Inequality and the Eroding Social Foundations of Work

3 Institutional Inequality and Legal Reform

Civil Rights Responses to the Institution of Work

Title VII and Its Discontents

Legal Challenges by Pregnant Woman Who Can Work

Doctrinal Barriers to Restructuring Institutionalized Work Practices

The Qualified Promise of Disparate Impact Theories

The Failure to Contemplate Family Life

Moving Beyond Antidiscrimination Models

Cultural versus Legal Conceptions of Disability and the ADA

Legal and Social Meanings of Disability

Disabled Worker as a Cultural Oxymoron

Judicial Resistance to Accommodations That Change Time Standards

Restructuring Work through the FMLA

Conclusion

4 Mobilizing the FMLA in the Workplace: Rights, Institutions, and Social Meaning

How Do Workers Decide Whether to Mobilize Rights?

Rational Actor Models

Sociolegal Alternatives to Rational Actor Models

Institutional Perspectives on Rights Mobilization

Method and Data

The Process of Rights Mobilization in the Workplace

Power and Workplace Rights Mobilization

Information Control, Agents of Transformation, and Worker Solidarity

Law as a Symbolic Resource in Leave Negotiations

Social Institutions and the Social Construction of Rights to Leave

Family Wage Ideology

Slackers and Workers

Managerial Norms and Needs

Conclusion

5 Mobilizing Rights in the Courts: The Paradox of Losing by Winning

Why Do Ordinary Court Cases Matter for Social Change?

The Litigation Process and the Evolution of Rights

Settlement and Selection Bias

Rule-Making Opportunities in the Litigation Process

Motions to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim

Summary Judgment Motions

Jury Trial and Trial-Related Motions

Appeals

The Winnowing Process

Data and Method

Results and Discussion

Distribution of Procedural Posture in Early Opinions

Distribution of Outcomes by Procedural Posture in Early Cases

Appeals

Public Interest and Government Participation

Early Opinions and the Interpretive Path of the Law

The Paradox of Losing by Winning

Conclusion

Rights Mobilization and the Potential for Social Change

Appendix A

Appendix B

Outline of Open-Ended, Qualitative Interview Questions

References

Index

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