French Liberalism from Montesquieu to the Present Day

Author: Raf Geenens;Helena Rosenblatt;  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2012

E-ISBN: 9781316966709

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9781107017436

P-ISBN(Hardback):  9781107017436

Subject: D09 in the history of politics, political history

Keyword: 政治理论

Language: ENG

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Description

This collection of essays explores an unjustly neglected tradition that is now experiencing a remarkable renaissance: French political liberalism. France is often thought of as a country of revolutions and extremes - as a country lacking a liberal tradition. In this volume, a distinguished group of philosophers, political theorists and intellectual historians prove this assumption to be false, uncovering the richness and distinctiveness of French political liberalism. France is often thought of as a country of revolutions and extremes - as a country lacking a liberal tradition. In this volume, a distinguished group of philosophers, political theorists and intellectual historians prove this assumption to be false, uncovering the richness and distinctiveness of French political liberalism. There is an enduring assumption that the French have never been and will never be liberal. As with all clichés, this contains a grain of truth, but it also overlooks an important school of thought that has been a constant presence in French intellectual and political culture for nearly three centuries: French political liberalism. In this collaborative volume, a distinguished group of philosophers, political theorists and intellectual historians uncover this unjustly neglected tradition. The chapters examine the nature and distinctiveness of French liberalism, providing a comprehensive treatment of major themes including French liberalism's relationship with republicanism, Protestantism, utilitarianism and the human rights tradition. Individual chapters are devoted to Montesquieu, Tocqueville, Aron, Lefort and Gauchet, as well as to some lesser known, yet important thinkers, including several political economists and French-style 'neoliberals'. French Liberalism from Montesquieu to the Present Day is essential reading for all those interested in the history of political thought. 1. French liberalism, an overlooked tradition? Raf Geenens and Helena Rosenblatt; Part I. In Search of a Lost Liberalism: 2. Two liberal traditions Larry Siedentop; 3. The unity, diversity and paradoxes of French liberalism Lucien Jaume; Part II. The French-Liberal Conception of Liberty: Loyal to its Republican Roots: 4. Was Montesquieu liberal? The spirit of the laws in the history of liberalism Céline Spector; 5. The importance of Republican liberty in French liberalism Andrew Jainchill; 6. Rethinking liberalism and terror Stephen Holmes; Part III. The Formative Era: Liberal Dealings with Key Issues in Nineteenth-Century France: 7. On the need for a Protestant reformation: Constant, Sismondi, Guizot and Laboulaye Helena Rosenblatt; 8. 'Anti-Benthamism': utilitarianism and the French liberal tradition Cheryl Welch; 9. Tocqueville: liberalism and imperialism Alan Kahan; Part IV. Economic Liberalism a la française: 10. War, trade and empire: the dilemmas of French liberal political economy, 1780–1816 Richard Whatmore; 11. Competition and knowledge: French political economy as a science of government Philippe Steiner; 12. Is there a French neoliberalism? Serge Audier; Part V. At the Dawn of Mass Democracy: Reassessing the Role of Collective Institutions: 13. The 'sociological turn' in French liberal thought William Logue; 14. The 'illiberalism' of French liberalism: the individual and the state in the thought of Blanc, Dupont White and Durkheim Jean-Fabien Spitz; Part VI. The Twentieth Century and Beyond: 15. Raymond Aron and the tradition of political moderation in France Aurelia

Chapter

CHAPTER 3: The unity, diversity and paradoxes of French liberalism

THE FORMATIVE CONDITIONS OF THE THREE LIBERAL VARIANTS

DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN THE THREE LIBERAL VARIANTS

THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS: AN EXAMPLE OF THE CONFLICTING POSITIONS

PART II: The French Liberal Conception of Liberty: Loyal to its Republican Roots?

CHAPTER 4: Was Montesquieu liberal? The Spirit of the Laws in the history of liberalism

INTRODUCTION

A PHILOSOPHY OF LIBERTY

THE THEORY OF DOUX COMMERCE: SOCIAL ORDER WITHOUT VIRTUE

A THEORY OF THE 'INVISIBLE HAND'?

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 5: The importance of republican liberty in French liberalism

CHAPTER 6: Rethinking liberalism and terror

TRIBUNALS

ACCUSATIONS

FACTIONS

PRE-EMPTION

A CAUTIONARY TALE

PART III: The Formative Era: Liberal Dealings with Key Issues in Nineteenth-Century France

CHAPTER 7: On the need for a Protestant Reformation: Constant, Sismondi, Guizot and Laboulaye

BENJAMIN CONSTANT (1767–1830)

JEAN-CHARLES-LOUIS SISMONDE DE SISMONDI

ANTI-PROTESTANTISM AND FRANÇOIS GUIZOT (1787–1874)

ÉDOUARD LABOULAYE (1811–83)

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 8: ‘Anti-Benthamism’: utilitarianism and the French liberal tradition

NINETEENTH-CENTURY MARGINALIZATIONS

PATTERN BREAKS

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 9: Tocqueville: liberalism and imperialism

PART IV: Economic Liberalism à la française

CHAPTER 10: War, trade and empire: the dilemmas of French liberal political economy, 1780–1816

CHAPTER 11: Competition and knowledge: French political economy as a science of government

INTRODUCTION

JEAN-BAPTISTE SAY ON SELF-INTEREST, ECONOMIC KNOWLEDGE AND THE GOVERNMENT

COMPETITION AND ECONOMIC KNOWLEDGE: CHARLES DUNOYER AND FRÉDÉRIC BASTIAT

ALTRUISM, SELF-INTEREST AND THE ADMINISTRATION

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 12: Is there a French neoliberalism?

FROM ‘LIBERALISM’ TO ‘NEOLIBERALISM’: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SKETCH

LOUIS ROUGIER AND THE WALTER LIPPMANN COLLOQUIUM

FORM THE CIRL TO THE MONT PÈLERIN SOCIETY

FROM THE OSTEND COLLOQUIUM TO THE AUSTRO-AMERICAN HEGEMONY

PART V: At the Dawn of Mass Democracy: Reassessing the Role of Collective Institutions

CHAPTER 13: The ‘sociological turn’ in French liberal thought

THE ECLECTICS: PHILOSOPHICAL LIBERALISM

RENOUVIER: BRINGING KANT DOWN TO EARTH

ALFRED ESPINAS: BIOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, AND LIBERALISM

ALFRED FOUILLÉE: A LIBERAL SYNTHESIS

ÉMILE DURKHEIM: SOCIOLOGICAL LIBERALISM

CÉLESTIN BOUGLÉ: PRACTICAL SOCIOLOGICAL LIBERALISM

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 14: The ‘illiberalism’ of French liberalism: the individual and the state in the thought of Blanc, Dupont-White and Durkheim

INTRODUCTION

LOUIS BLANC (1811–82)

CHARLES DUPONT-WHITE (1807–78)

ÉMILE DURKHEIM (1855–1917)

CONCLUSION

PART VI: The Twentieth Century and Beyond

CHAPTER 15: Raymond Aron and the tradition of political moderation in France

THE ‘ENGLISH SCHOOL’ OF POLITICAL MODERATION IN FRANCE

A TWENTIETH-CENTURY TOCQUEVILLIAN SPIRIT

DIFFERENT REVOLUTIONS, SIMILAR SCENARIOS

THE PRIORITY OF THE POLITICAL

THE PREREQUISITES OF POLITICAL JUDGEMENT

A FINAL WORD ABOUT ARON’S MODERATION

CHAPTER 16: The politics of individual rights: Marcel Gauchet and Claude Lefort

AN AMBIGUOUS RETURN

TAKING RIGHTS (AND MARX) SERIOUSLY

GAUCHET’S RESPONSE

CONCLUSION

Index

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