Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands ：Making a Boundary, 1843–1914

Publication subTitle ：Making a Boundary, 1843–1914

Author： Sabri Ateş;

Publisher： Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year： 2013

E-ISBN: 9781316907696

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9781107033658

P-ISBN(Hardback): 9781107033658

Subject： K3 Asian History

Keyword：亚洲史

Language： ENG

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Description

This book examines the making of the present day Iranian, Iraqi and Turkish boundary, shedding new light on some of the most contentious issues of today. The story of the making of the present day Iranian, Iraqi and Turkish boundary, this book details how Russian, Ottoman, British and Iranian commissioners worked intermittently over seven decades to create a boundary in an ethnically, religiously and geographically diverse region. It sheds new light on some of the most contentious issues of the present day. The story of the making of the present day Iranian, Iraqi and Turkish boundary, this book details how Russian, Ottoman, British and Iranian commissioners worked intermittently over seven decades to create a boundary in an ethnically, religiously and geographically diverse region. It sheds new light on some of the most contentious issues of the present day. Using a plethora of hitherto unused and under-utilized sources from the Ottoman, British and Iranian archives, Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands traces seven decades of intermittent work by Russian, British, Ottoman and Iranian technical and diplomatic teams to turn an ill-defined and highly porous area into an internationally recognized boundary. By examining the process of boundary negotiation by the international commissioners and their interactions with the borderland peoples they encountered, the book tells the story of how the Muslim world's oldest borderland was transformed into a bordered land. It details how the borderland peoples, whose habitat straddled the frontier, responded to those processes as well as to the ideas and institutions that accompanied their implementation. It shows that the making of the boundary played a significant role in shaping Ottoman-Iranian relations and in the identity and citizenship choices of the borderland peoples. Introduction; 1. The Kurdish frontier in Ottoman-Qajar relations; 2. Laying the ground: the concert of Zagros; 3. The long journey of the first survey commission; 4. The borderland between the Crimean War and Berlin congress; 5. Sunnis for the sultan: the Ottoman occupation of northwestern Iran, 1905–12; 6. Boundary at last; Conclusion. 'Ateş' study is full of new information, new arguments, and offers new perspectives to historians who aim to study frontier regions, centre-periphery relations and state formation processes in general and Kurdish history in particular.' Yener Koç, Kurdish Studies

Chapter

Cover

Contents

List of Illustrations

Acknowledgments

Note on Transliteration and Usage

List of Abbreviations

Introduction

The Nature of the Ottoman-Iranian Frontier

A Note on Terminology

Dividing the Umma, Defining Its Frontiers

Islamic Concepts of Frontier

Ottoman-Iranian Treaties and Frontiers

A Note on Sources and Methodology

Structure of the Book

1 The Kurdish Frontier and Ottoman-Qajar Relations

The End of the Ancien Régime and the Rising Capacity of States at the Borderland

The Administrative Organization of Ottoman Kurdistan

Babans between the Ottomans and Qajars

Tribes and Empires: The Case of Haydaran and Sipki

The Last Ottoman-Iranian War, 1821–1822

The Erzurum Treaty of 1823

Developments Leading to the Making of the Frontier

Great Power Intervention and the Making of the Boundary

Pacification of the Borderland: The First Phase

Khan Abdal and the City of Van

The Babans, for the Last Time

The Case of the City of Van and the Mir of Bohtan

Taxes, Conscription, Retribalization: The State Is Here to Stay

2 Laying the Ground: The Concert of Zagros

The Commissioners and Their Work

There Was a Treaty of 1639, but Where Is It?

Geopolitics and Boundary Making: The Case of Zohab/Qasr-i Shirin

Shatt al-Arab, Muhammarah, and the Ka‘b Tribe

Imperial Decision Making

Pasture Politics: Frontiers and Tribes

Other Issues at the Conference

The Erzurum Treaty of 1847

3 The Long Journey of the First Survey Commission

The Commissioners and Their Duties

Creating Facts on the Ground, or Dervish Pasha’s Long Detour at Kotur

Finally at Work: Surveyors on the Go

Locating the Boundary of Muhammarah and Shatt al-Arab

Locating the Boundary of Zohab-Qasr-I Shirin

Commissioners and Borderlanders: Inscribing Subjecthood on the People of the Frontier

The Case of the Failis of Posht-e Kuh

Using the State to Advance Local Claims: The Case of Banu Lam

Sunnis for the Caliph: Claiming the Lands in the Name of Defunct Kurdish Dynasts

To Which Pasture the Nomads Belong, and to Which Country the Pasture?

Limits of Sectarianism: Ottoman Efforts to Lure the Sunnis

The End of the Survey

4 The Borderland between the Crimean War and the Berlin Congress

The Crimean War and the Northern Borderland

The Crimean War and Ottoman-Iranian Relations

The Locals and the Localities: How to Control, Whom to Stop

Forming a New Commission, Teaching the Borderlanders a Lesson

Bringing the State into Local Disputes

New Actors and Notions: Migration as Asylum

The Commission of 1874

The Russo-Ottoman War of 1877–1878 and the Transformation of Borderland Identities

The End of the War: Kotur and Minor Moving into Major

5 Sunnis for the Sultan: The Ottoman Occupation of Northwestern Iran, 1905–1912

Justifying the Integration

The Case of the Bilbas and the Beginning of the Ottoman Occupation

A Kurdish Tribe, an American Missionary, and the Dekhalet Petitions

Responses to the Occupation

Commissions and Claims: The 1908 Frontier Commission

The End of Abdulhamid II’s Reign, the CUP, and the Borderland

Sunni Appeals to the CUP and the Impending End of the Annexation

The “Independent” 1911 Commission

Ottoman Policies in the Nevahi-i Şarkiyye

The End of the Occupation

6 Boundary at Last

Changing Power Dynamics and the Northern Borderland Communities

Exclusion of Iran from Negotiations

The Final Commission, 1913–1914

Conclusion

Select Bibliography

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