Chapter
THE ARRIVAL AT MODERNITY: 1923–1945 TO THE PRESENT
THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY: 1945–1980
THE EXPOSURE TO GLOBALIZATION: 1980 TO THE PRESENT
TURKEY’S EUROPEAN TRANSFORMATION: 2000 TO THE PRESENT
Chapter 4 HOW TO DILUTE AN AGRICULTURAL REFORM: DIRECT INCOME SUBSIDY EXPERIENCE IN TURKEY (2001–2008)
Advantages Expected from the Reform
The Experience of other Countries
The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA)
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REFORM
Agricultural Sales Cooperatives and Cooperative Unions (ASCS/ASCUS) Restructuring
Chapter 5 AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM IN TURKEY: SECTORAL AND MICRO IMPLICATIONS
OVERVIEW OF THE RECENT MACROECONOMIC AND AGRICULTURAL PERFORMANCE
RECENT CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL POLICIES
INCOME AND EFFICIENCY OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN TURKEY
Findings of the Efficiency Analysis
Chapter 6 THE LOGIC OF NEOLIBERAL AGRICULTURAL REFORM INITIATIVES: PERSPECTIVES AND CONSEQUENCES
FRAMING THE PHILOSOPHY OF NEOLIBERALISM IN AGRICULTURE
NEOLIBERALISM APPLIED IN AGRICULTURE
PROBLEMS AND CONSEQUENCES OF NEOLIBERAL REFORM
Chapter 7 AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION AND THE RURAL LABOR MARKET IN TURKEY
EVOLUTION OF THE STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURE
Agricultural Employment, 1940–2000
Performance of the Agricultural Sector over Time
Changes in Farm Size Distribution
Short-Term Transactions Involving Land and Labor
Agricultural Transformation and Surplus Labor
Decline in Agricultural Employment
Decline in Labor Force Participation
Changes in the Composition of Non-Participants
Ageing of the Agricultural Workforce
Changes in the Prospects of Entry to Non-Agricultural Employment
Withering Career Prospects in Rural Areas
Skill Mismatch and Declining Prospects for Absorption in the Urban Labor Market
Non-Agricultural Employment Prospects in Rural Areas
Obstacles for Women in Rural Areas
Chapter 8 AGRICULTURE IN TURKEY TOWARDS A NEW CLIMATIC ERA: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
TURKEY’S AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN TURKEY
Observed Trends in Temperatures and Precipitation
Temperature and Precipitation Projections
Expected Impacts on Genetic Resources and Yields
ADAPTATION OF AGRICULTURE TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN TURKEY
Chapter 9 WATER IN TURKEY: NEOLIBERAL POLICIES, CHALLENGES AND THE ROAD AHEAD
Pricing of Water and Water Markets: Externality, Efficiency and Equity Perspectives
Institutions of Water Management
Water Resources and Irrigation in Turkey
Decentralization of Irrigation Management in Turkey
Chapter 10 ―SUSTAINABILITY‖ IN AGRICULTURE: STAKEHOLDERS’ PERCEPTIONS IN TURKEY
SUSTAINABILITY IN TURKISH AGRICULTURE
Policy Challenges and Trade-Offs
STAKEHOLDER PERCEPTION SURVEY
General State of Agriculture
How Sustainable is Agriculture in Turkey?
Assessment of Statements Related to Sustainable Agriculture
Economic Development vs. Environmental Sustainability
Trade Liberalization and “Multifunctionality”
Perceptions Towards Biotechnology and the Precautionary Principle
Market Mechanisms and the Private Sector
Perception Pattern Analysis
Perception Groups in Turkey
Chapter 11 LEGAL–INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND AGROBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN TURKEY
Genetic Resources and Property Rights
Debates on Farmers’ Rights
NEOLIBERAL RESTRUCTURING IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR AND THE LEGAL–INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR SEEDS IN TURKEY
Chapter 12 RETHINKING AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN TURKEY IN THE CONTEXT OF NEW GROWTH THEORY
AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN TURKEY AND THE FLAWS OF ARIP
Agricultural Reform Implementation Project (ARIP)
NEOCLASSICAL WELFARE ECONOMICS VS. NEW GROWTH THEORY
Why is Agriculture treated as an Exception?
Agricultural Policy after the Cold War
Turkey has to make Choices
Looking at Best Practices, Looking at New Zealand
Chapter 13 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND INNOVATION: PROMOTING NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN TURKISH AGRICULTURE
PRO-SMALL-FARM TECHNOLOGY
Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs)
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND AGRICULTURE
Intellectual Property in Turkey: Local Policies and International Obligations
Trends in Agricultural and Biotechnological Patents in Turkey
IPRs in Turkey: Tailoring to Local Needs in Concreto
Chapter 14 THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR AGROBIOTECHNOLOGY IN TURKEY: THE CHALLENGES TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE
THE POLITICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE ―BENEFITS‖ AND THE ―ACCEPTABLE RISKS‖ OF THE ADOPTION OF AGROBIOTECHNOLOGY IN TURKEY
Lack of Transparency About the Officially Expected ―Benefits‖ of Agrobiotechnology in Turkey
Insufficient Consideration of Public Perceptions of Risks
Civil Society Involvement in the Rule-Setting Process
Obligations Under WTO Agreements Framing the National Legislation
PROCEDURAL RATIONALITY OF THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN THE TURKISH DRAFT LAW ON BIOSAFETY
Public Participation as an International Legal Obligation
Obstacles to Effective Public Participation and Consultation
Problems Concerning the Independence and Transparency of Scientific Expertise
Chapter 15 RISK ASSESSMENT PROBLEMS WITH BIOTECH PRODUCTS
RISK ASSESSMENT OF BIOTECH PRODUCTS
Risk Assessment According to the Cartagena Protocol
The Cartagena Protocol in General
Risk Assessment According to the Cartagena Protocol in Particular
Risk Assessment According to the SPS Agreement
The SPS Agreement in General
Risk Assessments According to the SPS Agreement in Particular
Risk Assessments of Biotech Products after EC—Biotech Background
Applicability of the Cartagena Protocol and the Precautionary Principle in WTO Law
Scope of the SPS Agreement
Risk Assessments of Biotech Products
Chapter 16 APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIA NEW ICT-TOOLS
ICT-TOOLS IN THE RURAL PARTS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Status Quo of Access to ICT in Developing Countries
Trends in ICT-Tools in Turkey
Links between ICT and Poverty Reduction
ICT-TRANSPORTABLE KNOWLEDGE TO PROMOTE RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Pests—identification and treatment
Public Sector and NGO Activities
Indian Tobacco Company’s E-Choupal (ITC) Initiative
Drawbacks and Limitations
ICT-Tool for Bolivian Livestock Farmers
EVALUATION OF INTRODUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE INTO RURAL AREAS VIA ICT
Reaching Out to the Users
Social and Cultural Environment
Chapter 17 BIOFUELS IN TURKEY
Biofuels and use of Biomass
Heating, Cooking and Electricity Production from Biomass
BIOFUELS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Life-Cycle Assessment for Biodiesel and Bioethanol
Biofuel Policies in the EU
Bioheat and Bioelectricity Production in Turkey
Chapter 18 A PRELIMINARY IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF DOHA ROUND RESULTS ON AGRICULTURAL POLICIES IN TURKEY
The State of Play in the Doha Round
Chapter 19 STANDARDS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON THE HORTICULTURE TRADE
PUBLIC STANDARDS AND PRIVATE STANDARDS
GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC STANDARDS
GOVERNANCE OF PRIVATE STANDARDS
IMPACT OF STANDARDS ON FARMERS IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD
Chapter 20 CONCLUSIONS: BEYOND THE WORLD BANK’S STRATEGY
NEW RURAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND THE WEAKENING ROLE OF THE STATE
Labor Transition Without Absorption
Facing Environmental Challenges
Investing in Innovation and Technology
Obligations and Opportunities in International Trade
Rethinking Structural Reform in Turkish Agriculture: Beyond the World Bank's Strategy
( Agriculture Issues and Policies )
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