COMPUTER ANIMATION

COMPUTER ANIMATION

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 COMPUTER ANIMATION APPLIED TO THE RECOVERY OF PREINDUSTRIAL HERITAGE: A NEW APPROACH

Abstract

Introduction

The Windmill

Architecture

Working

Methodology

Development

1. General Outline of the Virtual Recreation of the ‘Sardinero’ Windmill

2. Creation of CAD Model with AutoCAD and Import to Autodesk 3ds Max

2.1. Fieldwork

2.2. Modeling

2.2.1. From AutoCAD, by Exporting .3ds Files

2.2.2. From Autodesk 3ds Max, by Importing .dwg Files

3. Cameras and Illumination

3.1. Camera Movement. Creation of Path

3.2. Illumination

4. Animation of Working Parts

4.1. Runner Stone Raising Mechanism

4.2. Brake Rim Mechanism

5. Materials and Maps. Mapping Coordinates

6. Creation of Textures

7. Rendering and Video Creation

8. Postproduction

Conclusion

Funding

References

Chapter 2VIRTUAL ENGINEERING IN AUGMENTED REALITY

Abstract

1. Introduction

1.1. The Role of Virtual Engineering

1.2. Augmented Reality

1.3. Motivation and Objectives

2. 3D Modelling in Augmented Reality

2.1. Hardware Setup

2.3. Software Setup

2.4. Examples

3. Simulating and Animating in AR

3.1. Multibody Animation

3.2. FEM Pre and Postprocessing

3.3. CFD Postprocessing

4. Conclusion

References

Chapter3ASURVEYOFPOPULAR3DSOFT-BODYANIMATIONCOMPRESSIONAPPROACHES

1.Introduction

2.AnOverviewofMeshCodingAlgorithms

2.1.StaticMeshCompression

2.2.DynamicMeshCodingAlgorithms

2.2.1.Registration-BasedCompression

2.2.2.Prediction-BasedCompression

2.2.3.MultiresolutionRepresentation

2.2.4.OtherCodingAlgorithms

2.2.5.Encoding3DDynamicMesheswithChangingConnectivity

3.VertexClusteringforDynamicGeometryCoding

3.1.OverviewofVertexClusteringTechniques

3.1.1.Topology-BasedClustering

3.1.2.Geometry-BasedClustering

3.1.3.Spectral-Based3DMeshSegmentation

3.1.4.AnalysisofRegistration-BasedCodingAlgorithms

3.2.ICP-based3DDynamicGeometryCompression

3.2.1.PerformanceMetrics

3.3.ImpactofVertexClusteringonCompressionPerformance

3.3.1.TestAnimations

3.3.2.ExperimentalResults

3.4.ComparisonwithPCA-BasedAlgorithms

4.Conclusion

References

Chapter4VIRTUALEMOTIONTOEXPRESSION:ACOMPREHENSIVEDYNAMICEMOTIONMODELTOFACIALEXPRESSIONGENERATIONUSINGTHEMPEG-4STANDARD

Abstract

1.Introduction

2.EmotionModelsandRelatedWork

3.TheEmotionHypercube

3.1.DerivedEmotions

3.2.BinaryDerivedEmotionsTaxonomy

4.ModelingAffectivePhenomenainH

4.1.AffectivePatternDescription

4.2.TheDynamicsofanAffectivePattern

5.VeeM:VirtualEmotiontoExpressionModel

6.TheMPEG-4Standard

7.VeeMappliedonanMPEG-4FaceModel

8.Conclusion

References

Chapter5EXAMPLE-BASEDPERFORMANCE-DRIVENANIMATIONOFANANATOMICALFACEMODEL

Abstract

1.Introduction

2.PreviousandRelatedWork

3.CreatingKeyExpressionsonAnAnatomy-basedFaceModel

4.FaceDeformationSubspaceModel

5.TrackingtheFace

6.FacialExpressionRetargeting

7.Results

8.Conclusion

References

Chapter6DYNAMICSFORMANAGINGOCCLUSIONOFBUILDINGSINPANORAMICMAPS

Abstract

1.Introduction

2.RelatedWork

3.TheOcclusionIndex

4.ModificationofViewpoint

5.DisplacingBuildings

6.MakingBuildingsTransparent

7.AlteringHeightsofBuildings

8.ResultsandDiscussion

9.Conclusions

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 7CONSTRAINT-BASED AND FEATURE-BASEDCAD SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Computer Aided Design Representation Schemes

2.1. Raw Data

2.2. Boundary Representation (Brep)

2.3. Volume Modeling

2.4. Higher-Level Representations in CAD

3. Geometric Constraint Solving

3.1. Numerical Constraint Solvers

3.2. Constructive Constraint Solvers

Rule-Constructive Solvers

Graph-Constructive Solvers

3.3. Propagation Methods

3.4. Symbolic Constraint Solvers

3.5. Hierarchical and Hybrid Approaches

4. CAD Applications from a Feature-Based/Constraint-BasedPoint of View

4.1. Parametric Feature Based Design in Manufacturing Systems

4.2. Feature-Based Modeling for Reverse Engineering

5. Conclusion

References

Chapter8COMPUTERAIDEDGEOMETRICDESIGNWITHPOWELL-SABINSPLINES

Abstract

1.Introduction

2.Powell-SabinSplines

2.1.PolynomialsonTriangles

2.2.ThePowell-SabinSplineSpace

2.3.AB-splineRepresentation

2.4.PropertiesoftheB-splineBasis

2.5.ABernstein-B´ezierRepresentation

2.6.ParametricPowell-SabinSurfaces

3.SplineSubdivision

3.1.RefinementRulesoftheTriangulation

3.2.TheConstructionofRefinedControlTriangles

3.3.Applications

4.QHPSSplines

4.1.TheHierarchicalPowell-SabinSplineSpace

4.2.AQuasi-hierarchicalPowell-SabinSplineBasis

4.3.PropertiesoftheQHPSB-splineBasis

4.4.APracticalImplementation

5.NURPSSurfaces

5.1.RationalPowell-SabinSurfaces

5.2.ModellingwithNURPSSurfaces

5.3.NURPSSubdivision

5.4.QuadricsasNURPSSurfaces

6.Conclusion

References

Chapter 9AN ONTOLOGY OF COMPUTER-AIDEDDESIGN

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. An Object-Centred Ontology of Design

2.1. An Ontology of Design Objects

2.1.1. Object Function

2.1.2. Object Behaviour

2.1.3. Object Structure

2.1.4. Relationships between Object Function, Behaviour and Structure

2.2. An Ontology of Design Worlds

2.2.1. The External World

2.2.2. The Interpreted World

2.2.3. The Expected World

2.2.4. Relationships between the Three Worlds

2.2.5. A More Detailed Framework of Design Interactions

2.3. The Situated Function-Behaviour-Structure Framework

3. A Process-Centred Ontology of Design

3.1. An Ontology of Processes

3.1.1. Process Function

3.1.2. Process Behaviour

3.1.3. Process Structure

3.1.4. Relationships between Process Function, Behaviour and Structure

3.2. An Ontology of Design Processes

4. An Ontological Framework for Computer-Aided Design Support

4.1. Computer-aided Design Support for Action

4.1.1. Support for Communicating the Design

4.1.2. Support for Initiating Reflective Conversation

4.2. Computer-aided Design Support for FBSo Transformations andEvaluation

4.3. Computer-aided Design Support for Focussing

4.4. Computer-aided Design Support for Interpretation

4.4.1. Support for Transfer of Design Concepts as Intended

4.4.2. Support for Re-Interpretation of Design Concepts

4.5. Computer-aided Design Support for Constructive Memory

4.5.1. Support for Retrieval of Design Concepts as Stored

4.5.2. Support for Re-Construction of Design Concepts

5. Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

INDEX

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