3D IMAGING THEORY, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

3D IMAGING THEORY, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS

CONTENTS

PREFACE

Chapter 1 3D IMAGING OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Incidence and Current Opinions

1.2 Medical Imaging

2. 3D RECONSTRUCTION FROM CT SCANS

3. APPLICATIONS OF AAA 3D RECONSTRUCTIONS

4. NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS

4.1 Pre-Operative Planning for EVAR

4.2 Stent-Graft Design

4.3 Optimum Smoothing of 3D Models

4.4 Determining AAA Asymmetry

4.5 Improving Rupture Predictions

4.6 Pre and Post-Operative Biomechanics

4.6 Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacture

5. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS

5.1 In-Vitro Models

5.2 The Photoelastic Method

5.3 Improving Experimental Materials

5.3.1 Material Selection, Development and Testing

5.3.2 Application to 3D Geometries

5.4 Experimental Rupture Testing

6. CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 2 3D IMAGING OF PHASE MICROSCOPIC OBJECTS BY DIGITAL HOLOGRAPHIC METHOD

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

1. CLASSICAL AND HOLOGRAPHIC METHODS OF PHASE MICROOBJECTS VISUALIZATION

1.1 Classical Methods of Phase Microscopic Objects Visualization

1.1.1 Zernike phase-contrast method

1.1.2 The method of interference contrast

The method of interferomertry in an infinitely wide fringe

The method of interferometry in fringes of finite width

1.2 Holography as the Method of Recoding and Reconstruction of Waves

1.3 Holographic Methods of Phase Microscopic Objects Visualization

1.3.1 History of holographic microscopy

1.3.2 Holographic phase-contrast method (the method of holographic addition and subtraction in an interference fringe)

1.3.3 The method of holographic interferometry in fringes of finite width

1.3.4 Comparison of the possibilities of the holographic methods for solution the problem of obtaining 3D images of phase microobjects

1.4 Digital Holographic Interference Microscope

2. APPLICATION OF THE DIGITAL HOLOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY FOR PHASE MICROOBJECTS STUDY

2.1 DHIM Study of The 3D Morphology of Blood Erythrocytes

Investigation of ozone therapy influence on 3D morphology of blood erythrocytes

Investigation of 3D morphology of blood erythrocytes in hematological diseases

DHIM investigation of blood erythrocytes 3D morphology of pregnant women in diabetes mellitus and newborn infants

Gamma-radiation influence on 3D morphology of blood erythrocytes

Conclusion

2.2 DHIM Study of Thin Transparent Films

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 3 ELECTRON MICROSCOPE TOMOGRAPHY IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

DATA ACQUISITION

PRE-PROCESSING: ALIGNMENT AND RESTORATION

TOMOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION

POST-PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION OF TOMOGRAMS

AN ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE: EMT OF VACCINIA VIRUS

HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING IN EMT

SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR EMT

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 4 THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING AND PROCESSING

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. CURRENT STATUS AND PROBLEM

3. 3D RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHM

3.1 Cone-beam CT System

3.1.1 Feldkamp algorithm [10]

3.1.2 Variations of the Feldkamp algorithm

3.1.2 (a) The P-FDK method [14]

3.1.2 (b) The T-FDK method [13]

3.1.2 (c) The nonlinear weighted hybrid method [29]

3.1.3 Simulation study

3.1.4 Effectiveness of reduced X-ray scatter methods

3.2 Tomosynthesis System

3.2.1 Reconstruction algorithm

3.2.1 (a) Conventional FBP vs. modified FBP

3.2.1 (b) CT vs. modified FBP

3.2.1 (c) Metal artifact reduction processing [68]

4. FUTURE DIRECTIONS

4.1 Cone-Beam CT

4.2 Tomosynthesis

REFERENCES

Chapter 5 BIOLUMINESCENCE IN VIVO IMAGING OF ORTHOTOPICALLY IMPLANTED TUMOR CELLS IN THE PRECLINICAL DRUG DISCOVERY

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

Mouse models

Subcutaneous / ectopic implantation

Orthotopic implantation

In vivo Imaging

Fluorescent proteins (eGFP, RFP...)

Bioluminescence

Fluorescence or Bioluminescence ?

The Use of Luciferase Marked Orthotopic Metastasizing Mouse Models in Pre-Clinical Drug Testing

Generation of luciferase-expressing cell pools

Detection of luciferase-expressing cells in the mouse

Randomization

Generation of tumor growth curves – solid tumors

Detection of metastases in vivo – orthotopic models

Detection of metastases in vivo – dissemination models

Detection of luciferase-expressing cells ex vivo and in sections

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

Chapter 6 3D MEDICAL IMAGING APPLICATIONS - RECONSTRUCTION AND AUTOMATIC ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. 3D MEDICAL EQUIPMENT

2.1 Ultrasound

2.2 Computed Tomography (CT)

2.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

2.4 Photo-Fluoroscopy

3. RECONSTRUCTION OF 3D VOLUME USING 2D EQUIPMENT

3.1 3D Volume Reconstruction Applications

3.2 Cost-effective 3D Setup using 2D Ultrasound

3.2.1 Setup

3.2.2 Calibration

3.2.3 Results

4. AUTOMATIC ANALYSIS

4.1 Image Enhancement

4.2 Structure Detection

4.3 Automated Diagnosis

5. DISCUSSION AND FUTURE TRENDS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 7 BONE MACROARCHITECTURE BY 3D IMAGING AND OSTEOPOROSIS

ABSTRACT

1. CT (Computerized Tomography) Scanners

2. EOS™

3. Three-Dimensional X-ray Absorptiometry (3D-XA)

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 8 CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF CT- BASED COMPUTER AIDED 3D- PLANNING IN HEPATOBILIARY, PANCREATIC SURGERY AND LIVING DONOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

Pancreatic Tumors

Biliary-Tract Tumors

CONCLUSION

Pancreatic Tumors

Biliary- Tract Tumors

Living Donor Liver Transplantation

REFERENCES

Chapter 9 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IMAGING: OVERVIEW AND A CASE STUDY IN STONE CULTURAL HERITAGE

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. OVERVIEW

2.1 Basic Resistivity Theory

2.2. Electrode Arrays

2.3. Two versus Three-Dimensional Resistivity Imaging Surveys

2.4. Instrumentation and Signal Processing

3. CASE STUDY IN STONE CULTURAL HERITAGE

3.1. Description of the Site and Panels

3.2. Previous Investigations

3.3. 3-D Electric Imaging

Data Acquisition

Inversion

3.4. Results and Discussion

3.5. Conclusion

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 10 RESEARCH ON MEDICAL 3D IMAGING IN THAILAND

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION [1 - 2]

THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING RESEARCH IN THAILAND

1. Neurology

2. Obstetrics

3. Oncology

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 11 THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION IN MEDICAL IMAGING: CONCEPT

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION [1 – 6]

Dimension: Many Meanings

How to Create a Three-Dimensional Medical Image: A Concept

REFERENCES

Chapter12PERSONALIZEDNONINVASIVEIMAGINGOFTHREE-DIMENSIONALVOLUMETRICCARDIACELECTROPHYSIOLOGY

Abstract

1.Introduction

2.FrameworkOverview:ASystemApproach

3.SystemPhysiology

3.1.Background

3.2.PersonalizedHeart-TorsoStructures

3.2.1.HeartRepresentation

3.2.2.TorsoRepresentation

3.2.3.CombinedHeart-TorsoModel

3.3.VolumetricMyocardialTMPActivityModel

3.4.TMP-to-BSPMappingModel

3.4.1.BasicAssumptionandFormulation

3.4.2.TMP-to-BSPModeling

4.InformationRecovery

4.1.StochasticStateSpaceInterpretation

4.2.DualEstimationofTMPandTissueProperty

4.2.1.VolumetricMyocardialTMPEstimationAlgorithm

4.2.2.ParameterIdentificationAlgorithm

4.2.3.DualEstimationofTMPandTissueProperty

4.3.IdentificationandAnalysisofElectrophysiologicalSubstrates

5.ApplicationExample:SubstrateImaginginPostMyocardialInfarction

5.1.Initialization

5.2.SubstrateImagingandQuantitativeEvaluation

5.3.Experiments

5.3.1.ExperimentalDataandDataProcessing

5.3.2.PersonalizedCardiacElectrophysiologicalImaging

5.3.3.QuantitativeValidationandComparison

5.3.4.Discussion

ElectricalAnalysisofArrhythmogenicSubstrate

ParameterEstimation

6.Conclusion

ModelingofSystemPatho-PhysiologyandBiology

PersonalizedCardiacElectromechanics

OnlineClinicalPracticewithDistributedComputing

References

Chapter133DEUCLIDEANRECONSTRUCTIONOFSTRUCTUREDSCENESFROMUNCALIBRATEDIMAGES

Abstract

1Introduction

2CameraMatrixandCalibration

2.1Cameraprojectionmatrix

2.2Theimageoftheabsoluteconicandcameracalibration

3RecoveryofProjectionMatrix

3.1Projectionmatrixofasingleview

3.2Projectionmatricesofmultipleviews

4GeometricMeasurementandStructureRecovery

4.1Singleviewmetrology

4.2Optimization

5ExperimentswithSyntheticdata

5.1Comparativeresultsingoodimagingconditions

5.2Comparativeresultsinbadimagingconditions

6ExperimentswithRealImages

6.1Reconstructionofasingleobject

6.2Reconstructionofbuildingsite

7Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter14STRUCTURERECOVERYOFNONRIGIDOBJECTSUNDERPERSPECTIVEPROJECTIONBASEDONPOWERFACTORIZATION

Abstract

1.Introduction

2.BackgroundonNonrigidFactorizationviaSVD

3.RotationConstrainedPowerFactorization

4.UpgradingfromAffinetoPerspectiveProjection

4.1.LinearRecursiveEstimation

4.2.NonlinearOptimizationAlgorithm

5.ExperimentswithSyntheticData

6.ExperimentswithRealSequences

7.Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

INDEX

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