Tsunamis: Causes, Characteristics, Warnings and Protection ( Natural Disaster Research, Prediction and Mitigation )

Publication series :Natural Disaster Research, Prediction and Mitigation

Author: Neil Veitch;Gordon Jaffray  

Publisher: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.‎

Publication year: 2016

E-ISBN: 9781611225709

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9781608763603

Subject: P731.25 tsunami

Keyword: 暂无分类

Language: ENG

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Tsunamis: Causes, Characteristics, Warnings and Protection

Chapter

Chapter 2TSUNAMI SIMULATION RESEARCH AND MITIGATIONPROGRAMS IN MALAYSIA POST 2004 ANDAMANTSUNAMI

Abstract

Introduction: 26 December 2004 Tsunami

Post Tsunami Research Activities in Malaysia

Arrival Time, Runup and Inundation

Damage along Malaysian Coasts

Shallow Water Equations

Numerical Model Tuna

Tuna vs. Comcot

Simulation Results

Beach Runup

Manham

Role of Mangrove

Numerical Algorithm

An Illustrative Example

Penang Case Study

Forest Width 1000 M

Forest Width 500 M

Towards Tsunami Resilient Communities

SCSTW3

Academy of Sciences Malaysia

MMD Established Mntews

Tsunami Buoys in South China Sea

Conclusion

Acknowledgement

References

Chapter 32004 – TSUNAMI CHARACTERISTICS OF WOUNDS

Abstract

2004 - Tsunami Characteristics of Wounds

2004 – Thailand Tsunami [5,18]

Injury and Wound Mechanics

Treatment

Recommendation and Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 4APPLICATION OF COASTAL FOREST IN TSUNAMIDISASTER MITIGATION

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Tsunami and Coastal Forest: Problems and Prospects

3. The General Role of Coastal Forest in the Reduction ofTsunami Disaster and Important Factors in Their Interaction

4. Survival Capacity of a Coastal Forest against Tsunami

Minimum Trunk Diameter

Wave Thrust and Tree Breaking Moment

5. Effect of Forest Density on the Reduction of Tsunami Flow

Forest Density for Low-Inundation

Forest Density for High-Inundation

The Importance of Variation in the Forest Components

Effect of Trees Arrangement in the Forest

6. Effect of Forest Width on the Reduction of Tsunami Flow

7. Effects of Forest Ground Topography

8. Implementation

9. Conclusions

References

Chapter 5COASTAL PROTECTION MEASURES FOR TSUNAMIDISASTER REDUCTION

Abstract

Introduction

Tsunami Run-Up Height

General

Estimation of Tsunami Run-Up Height

Coastal Protection Measures against Tsunami

Hard Structures

Seawalls and Groins

Breakwaters

Natural Barriers

Mangrove

Other Natural Barriers

Effect of Coastal Forests on Tsunami Run-Up Height

Conclusion

References

Chapter 6RESPONSE OF COASTAL VEGETATIONAND THE NEED FOR GREEN BELTSALONG THE TAMIL NADU COAST, INDIA:THE DECEMBER 2004 TSUNAMI EXPERIENCE

Abstract

Introduction

Vegetation along Tamil Nadu Coast

Methods

Response of Coastal Vegetation to the Tsunami Attack

Role of Sheltered Coasts Compared to Built-Up Coasts

Post Tsunami Restoration Efforts

Need for Functional Green Belts

Conclusion

Acknowledgement

References

Chapter 72004 TSUNAMI INUNDATION AND EVIDENCEFOR EARLIER EVENTS –A CASE STUDYFROM SRI LANKA

Abstract

Introduction

Methods of Study

Identification of Recent Tsunami Sediments

Paleo-Tsunami Sediments from Sri Lanka

Assemblages of Microfossils in Tsunami Sediments

Distribution Of Microfossils In Tsunami Sediments

a. Recent Tsunami Sediment

b. Paleo-Tsunami Sediment – 30 cm below the Present Ground Level

c. Paleo-Tsunami Sediment – 75 cm below the Present Ground Level

Ages of Tsunami Sediments

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Web References

Chapter 8INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI:HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCEAND RELIEF OPERATIONS*

Abstract

Contributing Authors and Subject Areas

Most Recent Developments

Legislation [3]

Early Warning

Recent Developments on Selected Countries

Indonesia

Sri Lanka

Maldives

Malaysia

India

Thailand

Background [12]

Introduction

Comparisons to Past Disasters [14]

Current Situation [16]

Health

Relief Operations and Aid Delivery

Protection for Children and Separated Orphans [22]

Background

Tsunami Orphans: The Tsunami Generation

Humanitarian Response: U.S. and International Assistance [26]

U.S. Emergency Assistance to the Region

The U.S. Emergency Response Mechanism

Legislation [40]

International Emergency Assistance to the Region

International Donor Conferences

Situation Report on Countries Affected by the Tsunami

Indonesia [47]

Sri Lanka [49]

India [63]

Thailand [79]

Burma [86]

The Maldives [87]

Diego Garcia [95]

Malaysia [97]

Bangladesh [102]

Somalia [106]

Kenya

Tanzania

Seychelles

Madagascar

Mauritius

Reunion (French Territory)

South Africa

Issues for Congress [117]

Tsunami Aid and Reconstruction Issues

Burdensharing

Competing Aid and Budget Priorities [122]

Transparency

Debt Relief

Implications for Other U.S. Foreign Policy Interests

The War on Terrorism

Countering Negative Images of the United States

Early Warning Systems: International Scientific, Technologicaland Other Challenges [129]

Aid to Indonesia and the Leahy Amendment

Appendix 1. U.S. Assistance to Selected Countries Affectedby the Indian Ocean Tsunami

List of Aid-Related Abbreviations

Appendix 2. Child Protection Issuesin Tsunami- Affected Countries

Indonesia

Thailand

Sri Lanka

India

Malaysia

References

Chapter 9TSUNAMIS: MONITORING, DETECTION,AND EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS*

Abstract

Introduction

Proposals for International Tsunami Early Warning Systems

Challenges

Proposals

U.S. Tsunami Programs

Tsunami Warnings

U.S. Operations and Research

Related U.S. Programs

Conclusion

References

Chapter10TSUNAMIS,GENERATIONANDMATHEMATICALMODELING

Abstract

1.Introduction

GenerationofTsunamis

2.Preliminary

3.MovingBottom

4.TsunamisfromPhysicalPointofView

5.SomeImportantConceptsandIllustrativeQuestions

5.1.SomeConceptsaboutTsunamis

5.2.IllustrativeAnswersfortheMostFrequentlyAskedQuestions

6.TheGreatestHistoricalCatastrophes

7.VisualizationCollectionsofTsunamis

MathematicalModelling

8.LinearTheoryofTsunamisGeneratedbyMovingBottom

9.Non-linearMathematicalModelingofTsunamis

10.TsunamiandtheBoussinesqEquation

11.SolutionofNonlinearBoussinesqEquation

11.1.UsingthetanhMethod

11.2.UsingAdomianDecompositionMethod

12.NumericalApplications

Conclusion

References

GeneralBibliography

INDEX

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