Chapter
9.1 Heterologous Cloning and Expression in Different Microbial Hosts
9.2 Cloning and Expression in Plant Systems
9.3 Cloning and Expression in Bombix Mori Cells and Larvae through the Baculovirus Expression System
10. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF CELLULASES
10.1 Cellulases in Brewing and Wine Biotechnology
10.1.1 Beer Brewing Process
10.2 Cellulases in Animal Feed Biotechnology
10.3 Cellulases in Pulp and Paper Biotechnology
10.3.1 Biomechanical Pulping
10.3.2 Biomodification of Fibers
10.4 Cellulases in Food Biotechnology
10.4.1 Fruit and Vegetable Juices
10.5 Cellulases in Textile and Laundry Biotechnology
10.5.1 Biostoning and Biopolishing
10.6 Cellulases in Bioethanol Production
Chapter 2 BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF MICROBIAL CELLULASES
POTENTIAL SOURCES OF CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES
APPLICATION OF CELLULASES
FACTORS AFFECTING CELLULASE ENZYME PRODUCTION
Effect of Nitrogen Sources
LIMITATION OF CELLULASE ACTION ON CELLULOSIC BIOMASS
HYPERCELLULOLYTIC ENZYME PRODUCTION
Genetic Manipulations Techniques
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Chapter 3 CELLULASES: FROM PRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIODEGRADATION: USE OF PLANT BIOMASS FOR CELLULASES PRODUCTION
STRATEGIES FOR CELLULASES DETECTION AND PRODUCTION
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF MICROBIAL CELLULASES
Chapter 4 SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION FOR PRODUCTION OF MICROBIAL CELLULASE: AN OVERVIEW
2. CELLULASE PRODUCING MICROORGANISMS
3. SOLID- STATE FERMENTATION (SSF)
3.1 Lignocellulosic Residues/Wastes as Solid Substrate
3.2 Pretreatment of Agricultural Residues
3.3 Selections of Microorganisms in SSF
3.4 Substrates and Nutrient Source in SSF
3. 5 Measurement of Cellulase Activity in SSF
4. CELLULASE PRODUCTION IN SSF SYSTEM
5. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING MICROBIAL CELLULASE PRODUCTION IN SSF SYSTEMS
5.1 Water Activity/Moisture Content
5.3 Mass Transfer Processes: Aeration and Nutrient Diffusion
5.4 Substrate Particle Size
6. FERMENTER (BIOREACTOR) DESIGN FOR CELLULASE PRODUCTION IN SSF
7. BIOMASS CONVERSIONS AND APPLICATION OF MICROBIAL CELLULASES
7.2 Laundry and Detergents
7.4 Pulp and Paper Industry
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE
Chapter 5 ENHANCED ENZYME SACCHARIFICATION OF CEREAL CROP RESIDUES USING DILUTE ALKALI PRETREATMENT
Enzymatic Saccharification
Acid-Insoluble Lignin Extraction
Total Phenolic Determination
Compositional Analysis of Straw Residues
Optimising Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Mild Alkali Treated Wheat Straw
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Mild Alkali Treated Sorghum Straw
Alkali Pretreatment Reduces Straw Mass
Total Sugar Yields in Enzyme Saccharified Hydrolysates
Sugar Composition of Enzyme Saccharified Hydrolysates
Delignification during Mild-Alkaline Pretreatment
Release of Phenolics into Pretreated Liquors and Saccharified Hydrolysates
Chapter 6 CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES ISOLATED FROM BRAZILIAN AREAS: PRODUCTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS
III. LIGNOCELLULOLITIC ENZYMES
IV. CELLULASES APPLICATION
V.1. ENZYMATIC PRODUCTION
Chapter 7 CELLULASES USES OR APPLICATIONS
CELLULASES USES OR APPLICATIONS
Microorganisms Producing Cellulases
1. CELLULASES APPLICATIONS
2. IN BREWING AND WINE INDUSTRIES
3. IN ANIMAL FEED INDUSTRY
4. IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY, LEATHER AND LAUNDRY INDUSTRIES
4.2. Use of Cellulase in Laundry
5. AGRICULTURE-BASED BIOFUELS
6. CELLULASES AND HEMICELLULASES IN PULP AND PAPER BIOTECHNOLOGY
6.1. Bio-Mechanical Pulping
6.2. Bio-Bleaching of Kraft Pulps
6.3. Bio-Modification of Fibres
6.5. Bio-Improvement of Drainage Properties and the Performance of Paper Mills
6.6. Bio-Characterization of Pulp Fibers
CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Chapter 8 LIMITATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT ON CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS BY CELLULASE ASSAY AND SEARCH FOR THE TRUE CELLULASE DEGRADING CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE
3. CELLULASE SYSTEM AND CELLULOLYTIC MECHANISM
4. SYNERGISM OF CELLULOSE DEGRADATION
5. CELLULASE ASSAY AND SUBSTRATE
6. POTENTIAL STRATEGY FOR SEEKING TRUE CELLULASE
Chapter 9 CELLULASE: TYPES, ACTIONS, MECHANISMS AND USES
Mechanistic Details of Beta-Glucosidase Activity of Cellulase
TREATMENT FOR PHYTOBEZOARS
Chapter 10 SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF SNAIL AND TRICHODERMA REESEI CELLULASES ON ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS AND ETHANOL FERMENTATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSE
2.3 Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of Lignocellulose to Ethanol
2.3.1 Preparation of Yeast Inoculum
2.4.1 Enzymatic Activity Assays
2.4.2 Analysis of Sugar and Ethanol by HPLC
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Enzymatic Activity of CES and CET
3.2.1 Enzymatic Hydrolysis using Equal Activities of CES and CET
3.2.2 Enzymatic Hydrolysis using 1:1 CES and CET Mixtures
3.2.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis using Various Ratios of CES and CET
3.3.1 SSF using Equal Activities of CES and CET
3.3.2 SSF using 1:1 CES and CET Mixtures
3.3.3 SSF using Various Ratios of CES and CET Mixtures
Chapter 11 ENGINEERING THERMOBIFIDA FUSCA CELLULASES: CATALYTIC MECHANISMS AND IMPROVED ACTIVITY
ELUCIDATION OF CATALYTIC MECHANISMS
ROLES OF CELLULOSE-BINDING MODULES
IMPROVEMENT OF CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE HYDROLYSIS
IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESSIVITY
CONVERTING FREE CELLULASES INTO CELLULOSOME COMPONENTS
OTHER CELLULASE PROPERTIES FOR BIOMASS CONVERSION
Cellulase: Types and Action, Mechanism, and Uses
( Biotechnology in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine )
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