Chapter
1 Definitions of Development
A Methodological Word of Caution
‘Development’ as an Element in the Religion of Modernity
2 Metamorphoses of a Western Myth
What The Metaphor Implies
Landmarks in the Western View of History
3 The Making of a World System
The League of Nations and the Mandate System
4 The Invention of Development
President Truman’s Point Four
A New World-view: ‘Underdevelopment’
5 The International Doctrine and Institutions Take Root
The New International ‘Development’ Agencies
6 Modernization Poised between History and Prophecy
A Philosophy of History: Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth
Anti-communism or Marxism without Marx?
7 The Periphery and the Understanding of History
Neo-Marxism in the United States
The Latin American Dependentistas
A New Paradigm, but Age-old Presuppositions
8 Self-reliance: The Communal Past as a Model for the Future
Ujamaa and the Tanzanian Experience
The Principles of Self‑reliance
Possible Futures for Self-reliance
9 The Triumph of Third‑Worldism
The New International Economic Order
An Original Voice: The 1975 Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation Report on Another Development
In The Wake of the NIEO : Further Proposals
The ‘Basic Needs’ Approach
10 The Environment, or the New Nature of ‘Development’
The Return to Classical Economics Plus a Few Humanitarian Extras
‘Sustainable Development’ or Growth Everlasting?
Reflections on Deliberate Ambiguity
11 A Mixture of Realism and Fine Sentiments
The UNDP and ‘Human Development’
12 Globalization as Simulacrum of ‘Development’
On the Usefulness of Talking at Cross-purposes
Globalization, the Last Hope of Achieving ‘Development’?
Virtual Reality as a Refuge for Continuing Belief
13 From the Struggle against Poverty to the Millennium Development Goals
Just What Is the Problem?
Intervention on All Fronts
The Millennium Goals: ‘Development’ in Shreds
‘Development Aid’: Massaging the Figures
‘Development’ Nowhere To Be Found
Success in Reducing Poverty?
Ecology as Victim of the Crisis
15 Beyond ‘Development’: From Downscaling to a Change in the Economic Paradigm
Objectors to Growth and ‘Development Loyalists’
Economic ‘Science’: An Obsolete Paradigm
Exhaustion of the Economic Paradigm: Believing or Knowing?
The History of Development
：From Western Origins to Global Faith
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