Chapter
Part 1
: Overview of Infections in the Immunocompromised Host
Chapter 1: Overview of Infections in the Immunocompromised Host
OVERVIEW OF HOST DEFENSES
PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES
SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
SCREENING FOR SUSPECTED IMMUNODEFICIENCY
Part 2 : Laboratory Diagnosis: Approaches, Interpretations, and Limitations Infections by Specific Etiologic Agents
Chapter 2: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
NATURAL HISTORY OF UNTREATED INFECTION
CURRENT CDC GUIDELINES FOR HIV DIAGNOSIS
QUANTITATIVE HIV-1 VIRAL LOAD TESTING
MONITORING HIV-1 INFECTION
Chapter 3: Chronic Hepatitis B, C, and D
Chapter 4: Cytomegalovirus
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS
LABORATORY METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
GOALS AND ALGORITHMS OF LABORATORY TESTING FOR CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION
CLINICAL APPLICATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IN HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELL TRANSPLANT PATIENTS
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IN SOLID-ORGAN TRANSPLANT PATIENTS
CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION
Chapter 5: Epstein-Barr Virus
EBV INFECTION IN THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST
Chapter 6: Herpes Simplex Virus and Varicella-Zoster Virus
Chapter 7: Human Herpesviruses 6A, 6B, and 7
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND TREATMENT
LABORATORY TESTING OPTIONS AND APPLICATIONS
DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM, RESULT INTERPRETATION, AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Chapter 8: Human Papillomavirus
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
Chapter 9: Polyomaviruses
SEROPREVALENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
POLYOMAVIRUSES IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT INDIVIDUALS
HUMAN DISEASES CAUSED BY POLYOMAVIRUSES IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS
BK AND JC GENOTYPES AND MUTATIONS WITHIN THE GENE REGIONS: CLINICAL IMPACT
POLYOMAVIRUSES AND CANCER
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF POLYOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS
MODULATION OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION VERSUS ANTIVIRAL COMPOUNDS FOR POLYOMAVIRUS THERAPY
HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS
SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS
Chapter 11: Respiratory RNA Viruses
TAXONOMY AND DESCRIPTION OF AGENTS
EPIDEMIOLOGY, TRANSMISSION, PATHOGENESIS
CONSIDERATIONS FOR TREATMENT, PREVENTION, AND CONTROL
COLLECTION, TRANSPORT, AND STORAGE OF SPECIMENS
VIRUS ISOLATION IN CELL CULTURE
ANTIGENIC AND GENETIC TYPING/SUBTYPING SYSTEMS
ANTIVIRAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING
EVALUATION, INTERPRETATION, AND REPORTING OF RESULTS
Chapter 12: Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses
CLASSIFICATION AND BIOLOGY
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT HOSTS
HUMAN ENTEROVIRUS AND PARECHOVIRUS INFECTIONS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST POPULATIONS
LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES
Chapter 13: Parvovirus B19
DESCRIPTION OF THE AGENT AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INFECTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL DISEASE
GOALS OF LABORATORY TESTING
LABORATORY TESTING OPTIONS, APPLICATIONS, AND INTERPRETATION
ORGAN-SYSTEM AND SAMPLE-TYPE-SPECIFIC INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Chapter 14: Filamentous Fungi
ETIOLOGIC AGENTS OF INVASIVE DISEASE
IMMUNOLOGY OF INVASIVE MOLD INFECTIONS
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FILAMENTOUS MYCOSES IN SELECTED IMMUNOCOMPROMISED GROUPS
ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING
PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF FUNGAL DISEASE IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS
TAXONOMY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, DISEASE SPECTRUM, AND ANTIFUNGAL DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF MEDICALLY IMPORTANT YEASTS
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS AND DIAGNOSTIC STRATEGIES
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PATHOGENS
SLOWLY GROWING NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA (SGM)
RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA (RGM)
SPECTRUM OF CLINICAL DISEASE IN THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST
RECOMMENDED APPROACHES TO LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS
INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS
Chapter 17: Aerobic Actinomycetes ofClinical Significance
TAXONOMY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
GOALS OF LABORATORY TESTING
SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING AND THERAPY
BLOOD AND TISSUE PROTOZOA
INTESTINAL AND TISSUE HELMINTHS
Chapter 19: Selected Topics in Aerobic Bacteriology
INTRODUCTION: AEROBIC BACTERIA
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTIONS IN THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CANCER AND ITS TREATMENT
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANT PATIENTS
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH HIV-POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS
SPECIFIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
SPECIFIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH AGING AND CHRONIC DISEASES
CULTURE AND NONCULTURE METHODS FOR DIAGNOSIS OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Chapter 20: Selected Topics in Anaerobic Bacteriology
PYOGENIC POLYMICROBIAL INFECTIONS
TOXIN-MEDIATED CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION
Part 3: Laboratory Diagnosis: Approaches, Interpretations, and Limitations Infections of Specific Organ Systems
Chapter 21: Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS
HOST FACTORS AND SUBGROUPS
DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES AND INTERPRETATION
DIAGNOSTIC YIELD AND ASSAY INTERPRETATION
Chapter 22: Genitourinary Tract Infections
Chapter 23: Gastrointestinal Infections
Chapter 24: Central Nervous System Infections
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED STATUS AND SYNDROMES
LABORATORY TESTING AND INTERPRETATION
Chapter 25: Bloodstream Infections
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INFECTIONS
PREDISPOSING FACTORS FOR BLOODSTREAM INFECTION
DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES AND INTERPRETATION
ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE MOLECULAR METHODS
Chapter 26: Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
DESCRIPTION AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OFSKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE SPECTRUM IN IMMUNOCOMPETENT AND IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS
DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO SSTI BASED ON CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
NONMOLECULAR LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC METHODS AND IMAGING STUDIES FOR SSTI
MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSING SSTI IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS
Chapter 27: Prosthetic Device Infections
BIOFILMS AND SMALL-COLONY VARIANTS
SPECIFIC PROSTHETIC DEVICES
Chapter 28: Hospital-Associated Infections
HOSPITAL-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS BYPATHOGEN TYPES
LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
Chapter 29: Surgical Pathologic Diagnosis
REACTIVE TISSUE CHANGE, DISEASES, AND SYNDROMES
NEOPLASMS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS
INFECTIONS DIAGNOSED BY SURGICAL PATHOLOGY