Title Page

Contents

Preface

Course group shot

Dialogues about geometry and light

Tutorial on nonlinear optics

Introduction to nonlinear optics

Second-order nonlinear optical processes

Second-harmonic generation (SHG)

Mathematical description

Sum frequency generation (SFG)

Mathematical description

Difference Frequency Generation (DFG)

Optical parametric oscillation (OPO)

Parametric downconversion

Phase-matching

Third-order nonlinear optical processes

Third-harmonic Generation (THG)

Intensity dependent refractive index

Effect of material symmetry

Nonlinear optics with focussed Gaussian beams

Origin of third-order nonlinear response

Quantum-mechanical explanation of nonlinear optical susceptibility

Non-resonant electronic nonlinearities

Molecular orientation effect

Thermal effects

Measurement of optical nonlinearity: Z-scan

Self-action effects

Self-focussing

Optical solitons

Self-trapping and spatial solitons

Temporal solitons

Small-scale filamentation

Local-field effects

Lorentz local field

Nanocomposite materials for nonlinear optics

Layered composite materials

Metal-dielectric photonic crystals

Counterintuitive consequence of local-field effects

Nonlinear plasmonics

Slow and fast light

Slow light using SBS

Slow light by coherent population oscillations

Slow and fast light in Erbium-Doped Fibre Amplifiers (EDFAs)

Spontaneous and stimulated light scattering

Stimulated light scattering

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS)

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)

Recent progress in weak value amplification and direct measurement

Introduction

Weak value amplification

Direct measurement

Experimental weak measurements

Weak value amplification in angular position and OAM variables

Compressive direct measurement of the transverse wave function

Direct measurement of a 27-dimensional OAM state

Full characterization of polarization states of light via direct measurement

Optical airy beams and bullets

Introduction

Diffraction

Non-diffracting beams

Non-diffracting accelerating beams

Acceleration dynamics of the Airy beams

Experimental realization of Airy wavepackets

Self-reconstruction of Airy beams

Applications of Airy beams

Optical Airy bullets

Airy plasmons

Applications and perspectives for Airy beams

Symmetries in optics

Introduction

PT symmetry in optics

Supersymmetry (SUSY)

Conclusion

Full-color, computational ghost video

Ghost imaging: from quantum to classical to computational

Computational imaging with a commercial light projector

Experiment setup

2D reconstructions

3D reconstructions

Full-color, single-pixel video

Implementation of orthogonal sampling

A real-time computational video system using single-pixel detectors

Conclusion

Light in a twist: Orbital angular momentum

What is orbital angular momentum

Orbital angular momentum generation

Experiments with and applications of orbital angular momentum

Quantum interference and imaging

Introduction

Interference and path information

Basic concept

Application to an optical interference experiment

A quantum imaging experiment

Novelty of the imaging experiment

Conclusion

Nonlinear photonics in chip-based structures

Introduction

Brief review of nonlinear optics

Nonlinear processes in nanowaveguides

Four-wave mixing in silicon nanowaveguides

Optical parametric oscillators

Conclusion

Silicon photonics

Introduction

Ultra low loss waveguides and ring resonators

Losses

Fabrication

Electro-optics modulation

Breaking the reciprocity of light

Multimode photonics

Optofluidics

Optomechanics

Characterization of ultrashort laser pulses and carrier-envelope phase stabilization

Ultrashort laser pulses

Pulse characterization

Autocorrelation and decorrelation

Frequency-resolved optical gating

Spectral interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction

Beyond FROG and SPIDER

Multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan

Dispersion scan

Coherent artifact

Carrier-envelope phase

CEP measurement of oscillator pulses

f-to-2f interferometry

CEP characterization

A bottleneck in CEP measurements ?Shot Noise

Stabilization of the CEP

Feedback stabilization

Feed-forward stabilization

CEP in Ti:sapphire based CPA systems

Detection and control of the CEP in the slow loop

Improvements in CEP detection of amplified systems

Supercontinuum generation in optical fibers

Introduction

Pulse propagation in nonlinear fibers

Representation of optical pulses

Linear regime

Nonlinear regime

Nonlinear effects

Optical Kerr effect

Self phase modulation

Cross-phase modulation

Four-wave mixing (FWM)

Stimulated Raman scattering

Supercontinuum generation with short pulses

Solitons

Soliton fission

Dispersive wave generation

Soliton self-frequency shift

Anomalous dispersion pumping

Normal dispersion pumping

Spectrogram representation

Nonlinear instabilities and extreme events

Modulation instability

Solitons on finite background

Noise-seeded modulation instability

Rogue solitons

Coherence

Conclusion

Filamentation and selfinduced beam propagation effects

Timeline

Self-channeling

Self-guiding

Moving foci

Moving foci (extended)

Spatial replenishment

Multiple filamentation

Robustness, Bessel beam and spatio-temporal couping in filamentation

Robust propagation of a light filament

Bessel beams

X-waves

Spatio-temporal coupling and conical emission

Intensity clamping

Intensity clamping occurs when plasma defocusing balances Kerr selffocusing

Intensity clamping occurs when one detects the formation of a plasma channel

Intensity clamping occurs when the blue cutoff of supercontinuum generation remains constant with pulse energy

Applications of femtosecond filamentation

Guided discharge

Bulk microstructuring of glass with laser filaments

Generation of few cycle IR pulses and isolated attosecond pulses

Supercontinuum light detection and ranging techniques

Other applications

List of participants