Chapter
2.1.3 Purpose and Political Nature of the CISG
2.2 The Specific Rule of Autonomous Interpretation
2.2.1 Considering the International Character of CISG
2.2.2 Promoting Uniform Application
2.2.2.1 Accessibility of Case Law
2.2.3 Interpreting in Good Faith
2.3 Litteral Interpretation as the Starting Point
2.3.1 Discrepancies Between the Convention Texts
2.4 Supplementing the Convention Text
2.4.1 How to Identify Underlying Principles
2.4.2 Implications of Having Identified Underlying Principles
2.4.2.1 Expansion of Scope of the CISG
2.4.2.2 Expansion of Interpretation Aids
2.5 The Use of Soft Law as Interpretation Aid
2.5.1 Sources of Lex Mercatoria
2.5.2 Value of Soft Law and Interpretation Aid
2.5.4 Limits to the Use of Soft Law
2.6 Sources Superseding the Convention Text
2.6.1 The Unequivocal Agreement by the Parties
2.6.2 Interpretation of the Parties’ Agreement
2.6.3 Relevance of Practice and Usages
2.7 The Methodology and Sources Summarised
3.2 The Drafting of CISG and Article 80
3.2.1 Wording and Placement
3.2.2 Motivation to Maximise Adoption
3.2.3 A Last-Minute Inclusion
3.2.4 An Expression of an Underlying Principle
3.2.5 Broad Interpretation Appropriate
3.3 Developments Compared to the Pre-CISG Rule
3.4 Latest Developments in Other Instruments
4. Comparison to Other Provisions
4.1 A Unique Concept of Contribution to Failure to Perform
4.1.2 The Cause of the Detriment
4.1.2.1 Impediments Beyond Control
4.1.2.2 Mitigation of Loss
4.1.2.3 The Promisee’s Contribution to Promisor’s Non-Performance
4.1.3 Foreseeability and Duty to Avoid/Overcome the Cause of Detriment
4.1.3.1 Strict Conditions under Article 79
4.1.3.2 Less Strict Conditions under Article 77
4.1.3.3 Lowest Restriction under Article 80
4.1.5 Duty to Give Notice
4.2.1 Conformity, Article 35
4.2.2 Price Reduction, Article 50
4.2.3 Third Party Rights, Article 42
5. Underlying Principles and Good Faith
5.1 Principles Underlying Article 80
5.1.1 Positively Phrased Duties
5.1.2 Negatively Phrased Duties
5.2 A General Duty of Good Faith and Fair Dealing
5.2.1 Article 80’s Connection to Good Faith
5.2.2 Controversy During the Drafting
5.2.2.1 Arguments Contrary to a General Duty
5.2.2.2 Arguments in Favour of a General Duty
5.2.2.3 Subsequent Development
5.2.2.4 Common Law Development
5.3 Article 80 as a Solution to the Dangers of Good Faith
5.3.1 Definition and Dangers of Good Faith
5.3.2 Overlap in Application of Article 80, Underlying Principles and Good Faith
6. Conditions for Exemption
6.1 Non-performance by the Promisor
6.1.1 Non-performance Imputable to Both Parties
6.1.2 Suspension of Performance as Breach of Contract
6.2 Causal Link to the Promisee
6.2.1 Sole Causation and Competing Causes
6.2.1.1 Promisee’s Sole Interference
6.2.1.3 Shared Responsibility
6.2.2 Requirements to the Strength of the Causal Link
6.3 Act or Omission by the Promisee
6.3.1 Direct Interference and Breach of Duties
6.3.2 Indirect Interference
6.3.3 Breaking the Synallagma of Contract and Lack of Cooperation
6.3.5 Conduct by Employees, Third Parties and Agents
6.3.6 Contractual Behaviour and Conditions
6.4.1 Burden of Proof Governed by Presumptions and Principles
6.4.2 Failing Promisor’s Burden to Prove Interference
7.1 The Promisee’s Position
7.1.1 Remedies Following from the Convention
7.1.2 Remedies Following from the Contract
7.1.3 Remedies Following from Domestic Contract Law
7.1.4 Remedies Following from Domestic Tort Law
7.1.4.1 The Non-cumul and the Pre-emption Approach
7.1.4.2 The Cumulative and the Merging Approach
7.1.4.3 The Functional Equivalent and the Protected Interests Approaches
7.1.5 The Temporal Effect of Article 80 - Excused in Total or in Part
7.1.5.2 Partial Exemption and Pro Rata Apportionment
7.2 The Promisor’s Position
7.2.1 The Right to Counter-Performance
7.2.2 Supplementary Claims
7.2.3 Consequential Costs and Benefits
8. Domestic Law and Homeward Trends
8.1 Comparing Legal Systems
8.1.2 Selection of Countries
8.2 The Three Legal Families
8.3 Ignorance in Transformation
8.3.1.1 Article 80 in NSGA
8.3.1.2 Systematic Placement
8.3.1.3 Already in Existence
8.3.2.1 Article 80 Equivalent in DSGA
8.3.2.2 Systematic Placement
8.3.3.1 Article 80 Equivalent
8.3.3.2 Systematic Placement
8.3.4 Comparison and Effect
8.4 Possible Ethnocentric Application by China and Russia
8.4.1 Article 80 Equivalent in CCRF and CCL
8.4.2 Systematic Placement and Style
9.2 The Goal of Uniformity
9.3 Perspective and Future
Case Law and Arbitral Awards
The Duty to Cooperate in International Sales
：The Scope and Role of Article 80 CISG
( Beiträge zum Internationalen Wirtschaftsrecht - Contributions on International Commercial Law )
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