Preface

Contents

1 Engineering projects

1.1 Process engineering activities

1.2 Realization of a plant

1.3 Cost estimation

2 Thermodynamic models in process simulation

2.1 Phase equilibria

2.2 φ -φ-approach

2.3 γ -φ-approach

2.3.1 Activity coefficients

2.3.2 Vapor pressure and liquid density

2.3.3 Association

2.4 Electrolytes

2.5 Liquid-liquid equilibria

2.6 Solid-liquid equilibria

2.7 φ -φ-approach with gE mixing rules

2.8 Enthalpy calculations

2.9 Model choice and data management

2.10 Binary parameter estimation

2.11 Model changes

2.12 Transport properties

3 Working on a process

3.1 Flowsheet setup

3.2 Heat integration options

3.3 Batch processes

3.4 Equipment design

3.5 Troubleshooting

4 Heat exchangers

4.1 Something general

4.2 Shell-and-tube heat exchangers

4.3 Heat exchangers without phase change

4.4 Condensers

4.5 Evaporators

4.6 Plate heat exchangers

4.7 Double pipes

4.8 Air coolers

4.9 Fouling

4.10 Vibrations

5 Distillation and absorption

5.1 Thermodynamics of distillation and absorption columns

5.2 Packed columns

5.3 Tray columns

5.4 Comparison between packed and tray columns

5.5 Distillation column control

5.6 Constructive issues in column design

5.7 Separation of azeotropic systems

5.8 Rate-based approach

5.9 Dividing wall columns

5.10 Batch distillation

6 Two liquid phases

6.1 Liquid-liquid separators

6.2 Extraction

6.2.1 Mixer-settler arrangement

6.2.2 Extraction columns

6.2.3 Centrifugal extractors

7 Alternative separation processes

7.1 Membrane separations

7.2 Adsorption

7.3 Crystallization

8 Fluid flow engines

8.1 Pumps

8.2 Compressors

8.3 Jet pumps

8.4 Vacuum generation

9 Vessels and separators

10 Chemical reactions

10.1 Reaction basics

10.2 Reactors

11 Mechanical strength and material choice

12 Piping and measurement

12.1 Pressure drop calculation

12.1.1 Single-phase flow-through pipes

12.1.2 Pressure drops in special piping elements

12.1.3 Pressure drop calculation for compressible fluids

12.1.4 Two-phase pressure drop

12.2 Pipe specification

12.3 Valves

12.3.1 Isolation valves

12.3.2 Control valves

12.4 Measurement devices

13 Utilities and waste streams

13.1 Steam and condensate

13.2 Heat transfer oil

13.3 Cooling media

13.4 Exhaust air treatment

13.4.1 Condensation

13.4.2 Combustion

13.4.3 Absorption

13.4.4 Biological exhaust air treatment

13.4.5 Exhaust air treatment with membranes

13.4.6 Adsorption processes

13.5 Waste water treatment

14 Process safety

14.1 HAZOP procedure

14.2 Pressure relief

14.2.1 Introduction

14.2.2 Mass flow to be discharged

14.2.3 Fire case

14.2.4 Actuation cases

14.2.5 Safety valve peculiarities

14.2.6 Maximum relief amount

14.3 Explosions

Glossary

List of Symbols

Bibliography