Chapter
2 Electric Power Definitions: Background
2.1 Power Definitions Under Sinusoidal Conditions
2.2 Voltage and Current Phasors and Complex Impedance
2.3 Complex Power and Power Factor
2.4 Concepts of Power Under Nonsinusoidal Conditions: Conventional Approaches
2.4.1 Power Definitions by Budeanu
2.4.2 Power Definitions by Fryze
2.5 Electric Power in Three-Phase Systems
2.5.1 Classifications of Three-Phase Systems
2.5.2 Power in Balanced Three-Phase Systems
2.5.3 Power in Three-Phase Unbalanced Systems
3 The Instantaneous Power Theory
3.1 Basis of the p-q Theory
3.1.1 Historical Background of the p-q Theory
3.1.2 The Clarke Transformation
3.1.3 Three-Phase Instantaneous Active Power in Terms of Clarke Components
3.1.4 The Instantaneous Powers of the p-q Theory
3.2 The p-q Theory in Three-Phase, Three-Wire Systems
3.2.1 Comparisons with the Conventional Theory
3.2.2 Use of the p-q Theory for Shunt Current Compensation
3.2.3 The Dual p-q Theory
3.3 The p-q Theory in Three-Phase, Four-Wire Systems
3.3.1 The Zero-Sequence Power in a Three-Phase Sinusoidal Voltage Source
3.3.2 Presence of Negative-Sequence Components
3.3.3 General Case Including Distortions and Imbalances in the Voltages and in the Currents
3.3.4 Physical Meanings of the Instantaneous Real, Imaginary, and Zero-Sequence Powers
3.3.5 Avoiding the Clarke Transformation in the p-q Theory
3.3.6 Modified p-q Theory
3.4 Instantaneous abc Theory
3.4.1 Active and Nonactive Current Calculation by Means of a Minimization Method
3.4.2 Generalized Fryze Currents Minimization Method
3.5 Comparisons Between The p-q Theory and The abc Theory
3.5.1 Selection of Power Components to be Compensated
4.1 General Description of Shunt Active Filters
4.1.1 PWM Converters for Shunt Active Filters
4.1.2 Active Filter Controllers
4.2 Three-Phase, Three-Wire Shunt Active Filters
4.2.1 Active Filters for Constant Power Compensation
4.2.2 Active Filters for Sinusoidal Current Control
4.2.3 Active Filters for Current Minimization
4.2.4 Active Filters for Harmonic Damping
4.2.5 A Digital Controller
4.3 Three-Phase, Four-Wire Shunt Active Filters
4.3.1 Converter Topologies for Three-Phase, Four-Wire Systems
4.3.2 Dynamic Hysteresis-Band Current Controller
4.3.3 Active Filter dc Voltage Regulator
4.3.4 Optimal Power Flow Conditions
4.3.5 Constant Instantaneous Power Control Strategy
4.3.6 Sinusoidal Current Control Strategy
4.3.7 Performance Analysis and Parameter Optimization
4.4 Compensation Methods Based on the p-q-r Theory
4.4.1 Reference Power Control Method
4.4.2 Reference Current Control Method
4.4.3 Alternative Control Method
4.4.4 The Simplified Sinusoidal Source Current Strategy
4.5 Comparisons Between Control Methods Based on the p-q Theory and The p-q-r Theory
4.6 Shunt Selective Harmonic Compensation
5 Hybrid and Series Active Filters
5.1 Basic Series Active Filter
5.2 Combined Series Active Filter and Shunt Passive Filter
5.2.1 Example of an Experimental System
5.2.2 Some Remarks about the Hybrid Filters
5.3 Series Active Filter Integrated with a Double-Series Diode Rectifier
5.3.1 The First-Generation Control Circuit
5.3.2 The Second-Generation Control Circuit
5.3.3 Stability Analysis and Characteristics Comparison
5.3.4 Design of a Switching-Ripple Filter
5.3.5 Experimental Results
5.4 Comparisons Between Hybrid and Pure Active Filters
5.4.1 Low-Voltage Transformerless Hybrid Active Filter
5.4.2 Low-Voltage, Transformerless, Pure Shunt Active Filter
5.4.3 Comparisons through Simulation Results
5.5 Hybrid Active Filters for Medium-Voltage Motor Drives
5.5.1 Hybrid Active Filter for a Three-Phase Six-Pulse Diode Rectifier
5.5.2 Hybrid Active Filter for a Three-Phase 12-Pulse Diode Rectifier
6 Combined Series and Shunt Power Conditioners
6.1 The Unified Power Flow Controller
6.1.1 FACTS and UPFC Principles
6.1.2 A Controller Design for the UPFC
6.1.3 UPFC Approach Using a Shunt Multipulse Converter
6.2 The Unified Power Quality Conditioner
6.2.1 General Description of the UPQC
6.2.2 A Three-Phase, Four-Wire UPQC
6.2.3 The UPQC Combined with Passive Filters (the Hybrid UPQC)
6.3 The Universal Active Power Line Conditioner
6.3.1 General Description of the UPLC
6.3.2 The Controller of the UPLC
6.3.3 Performance of the UPLC
6.4 Combined Shunt-Series Filters for AC and DC Sides of Three-Phase Rectifiers
6.4.1 The Combined Shunt-Series Filter
6.4.2 Instantaneous Real and Imaginary Powers in the ac Source
6.4.3 The Instantaneous Power in the dc Side of the Rectifier
6.4.4 Comparison of Instantaneous Powers on the ac and dc Sides of the Rectifier
6.4.5 Control Algorithm of the Active Shunt-Series Filter
6.4.8 Experimental Results
IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering
Instantaneous Power Theory and Applications to Power Conditioning
( IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering )
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